Blighia sapida has been used in the treatment of different pathologies. The study aimed at evaluating the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of ethanol stem-bark extract of B. sapida. The acute toxicity was evaluated by gavage administration at single dose and the extract was also administered at doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight every other day for ninety day. No mortality or observable signs of toxicity were observed for acute and sub-chronic effects of the extract on the tested animals. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in haematological and biochemical parameters compared to the control group. However, histopathological observation revealed some derangements which could be due to continuous consumption of the extract by the animals. It implied that care must be exercised in the use of the plant for a long period of time to prevent its possible long-term toxic effects.
This study was designed to investigate the acute and sub-chronic toxicities of direct-extract of leaves of Gossypium barbadense (Linn) with and without addition of lime in albino mice and wistar rats respectively, with a view to evaluating their possible toxic effects on these animals, and also its cytotoxic potential using Allium cepa test. Fresh leaves of G. barbadense were crushed and squeezed to obtain direct-extract while the limed-extract was prepared from the mixture of direct-extract and Citrus medica juice in ratio 3 : 1[v/v].The direct and limed-extract were then partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtained ethyl acetate fractions which was used for cytotoxicity test. The direct and limed-extracts were screened for phytochemical constitutents. Acute toxicity study was carried out by standard procedure, using mice of weight range between 19g and 25g, while in sub-chronic toxicity study using adult wistar rat of weight range 110g and 150g. The animals were treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg for sub-chronic study, every other day for a period of 30 days after which the animals were sacrificed; blood was collected and liver and kidney were excised from each animal. Haematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed in the blood while histological examination was carried out on liver and kidney using standard methods. The total protein concentration in the plasma and liver homogenates were determined using Bradford method. The plasma albumin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl trasferase,urea and creatinine concentration were determined using standard procedure. Cytotoxicity was carried out using Allium cepa with different concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml) of ethyl acetate fraction from direct and limed-extract, the roots of A. cepa were harvested and homogenized with normal saline to obtain supernatant for biochemical analyses. The results indicated that the median lethal dose (LD 50) was above 5000 mg/kg of body weight since no mortality was recorded in acute study. Biochemicals indices of plasma and liver homogenates, alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin were lower in the test animals compared with the controls, in contrast, total protein concentrations in both plasma and liver homogenate were higher in test groups than in control, bilirubin concentration was also higher in all the treated animals, the difference was significant at (P <0.05) for the animals treated with direct extract. Haematological parameters maintained nearly the same level with control in all the treated groups. Additionally, the cytotoxicity test using Allium cepa suggested that direct-extract and ethyl acetate fractions were cytotoxic but addition of lime (Citrus medica) appears to have lowering effects on the cytotoxicity in the treatment. However the histological study of the liver did not reveal any damage but the kidney histology indicated partial glomerulus degeneration for animals treated with 250 mg/kg bwt in both limed and direc...
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