Opportunistic infections and deaths are less common among HIV-infected youth in the US in the cART era, but the mortality rate remains elevated. Deaths were associated with poor HIV control and older age. Emerging complications, such as psychiatric, inflammatory, metabolic, and genital tract diseases, need to be addressed.
HIV-1 non-B variants infected 10% of the cohort during 1993-2009. Resistant viruses were present in 26.5% and 66% of naive and pretreated children, respectively. Our data suggest that TDR prevalence in children could be higher than that reported in adults in Spain. The provided data will help to improve clinical management of HIV-infected children in Spain.
The 30th anniversary of the landmark legislation known as Title IX witnessed a year-long public policy drama over whether the law should be amended in some fashion. The saga reveals much about the political strategies of interest groups engaged in gender policymaking in the 21st century and tests conventional wisdom about policy windows (Kingdon, 1994) and agenda access (Cobb and Ross, 1997). In June 2002, U.S. Secretary of Education Rod Paige appointed a blue ribbon commission to examine ways of strengthening enforcement and expanding opportunities for all college athletes under Title IX. Over the next 12 months, the commission held public hearings and forwarded numerous recommendations for change to the Secretary, but subsequently the Department of Education elected to take no action.As David Rochefort and Roger Cobb point out, “If policymaking is a struggle over alternative realities, then language is the medium that reflects, advances, and interprets these alternatives” (1994, p. 9). This case explores the overarching strategic goals, membership mobilization efforts, and media strategies of “initiators” and “opponents” (Cobb & Ross, 1994). We juxtapose these strategies against the unfolding media coverage (an analysis of 297 major newspaper stories in 13 major print outlets) and testimony by 225 individuals before the commission.While revealing the dynamics of problem, policy and political streams (Kingdon, 1994) and strategies of agenda denial (Cobb & Ross, 1994), the case also exposes important paradoxes that may be explained by gender.
Canine venereal transmissible tumor (CTVT) is a round cell benign neoplasia that affects the external genital mucous which is transmitted during coitus with infected dogs. The normal canine behaviour such as smelling and sucking allow the tumoral cells to implant into extragenital zones with subsequent metastases formation. This report described a dog with multiple skin nodules localised in the thoracolumbar area and eyes. The nodules were ulcered and alopecic with purulent fluid around them. A granulomatous mass with focal necrosis area was also detected with bilateral keratitis. Citological analysis of skin nodules, eyelid tissue and granulomatous tissue on the base of the penis suggested a CTVT, and the histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of CTVT. Also LINE-1 rearrangement in c-myc was detected as a genetic alteration of the CTVT. A chemotherapy protocol was started with vincristine sulfate. Haemograms were used previous to each chemotherapy sessions to prevent myelosuppression. A moderate non regenerative anemia was observed after the third session but it was resolved by discontinuing chemotherapy for two weeks. The chemotherapy was effective to eliminate the CTVT after six sessions.
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