No abstract

A neoplasm demonstrating both pancreatic and hepatic phenotypes is described. The tumor, from a 53-year-old woman with the syndrome of subcutaneous fat necrosis and arthropathy, was studied histologically, immunohistochemically, ultrastructurally, and biochemically. The clinical features of this case can be explained by the production of large amounts of lipase by the tumor. The hepatocellular properties of the tumor included characteristic morphology and the synthesis of catalase. The pancreatic properties of the tumor included the production of pancreatic lipase. This neoplasm would appear to be analogous to animal models in which the transdifferentiation of pancreatic acinar cells and hepatocytes has been demonstrated. Although the bulk of the tumor was present in the liver, the authors believe the tumor arose from the pancreas. The distinction between differentiation and site of origin of tumors is discussed.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFNα production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19.

Compared with our previous studies, the proportion of NRTI- and first-generation NNRTI-related TDR has continued to decline in French seroconverters. However, subtype B-infected MSM could drive the spread of resistant HIV strains. Finally, we suggest preferring PI- or II- to NNRTI-based combinations to treat PHI patients.