Nosocomial fungemia by Candida auris: First four reported cases in continental Europe

Gaitán, Alba Cecilia Ruiz; Moret, Ana; Hontangas, José Luis López; Molina, J M; López, Ana Isabel Aleixandre; Cabezas, Alicia Hernández; Maseres, Juan Mollar; Arcas, Rabat Chouman; Ruiz, María Dolores Gómez; Chiveli, Miguel Ángel; Cantón, Emilia; Pemán, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.riam.2016.11.002

Cited by 127 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…guilliermondii, S. cerevisiae and R. glutinis and that presented high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for fluconazole (FCZ; MIC≥ 32 µg/mL), voriconazole (VCZ; MIC≥ 2 µg/mL), amphotericin B (APHB; MIC≥2 µg/mL), and echinocandins (ECHs), such as anidulafungin (ADA; ≥2 µg/mL) 9 . This new species can be erroneously identified as those mentioned above 9,14 , if identification is made through classical methods 6,9 . Gaitan et al 6 initially described isolates identified as S. cerevisiae, C. sake, C. lusitaniae, C. haemulonii, and eight inconclusive isolates, and 8 (eight) were isolated from the blood and 4 (four) from the tip of the catheter, from patients hospitalized in an ICU in a European hospital.…”

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This new species can be erroneously identified as those mentioned above 9,14 , if identification is made through classical methods 6,9 . Gaitan et al 6 initially described isolates identified as S. cerevisiae, C. sake, C. lusitaniae, C. haemulonii, and eight inconclusive isolates, and 8 (eight) were isolated from the blood and 4 (four) from the tip of the catheter, from patients hospitalized in an ICU in a European hospital. Confirmation of C. auris from all isolates was conducted by molecular methods.…”

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Among the most common causes of BSIs is candidemia, which is the syndrome most frequently associated with invasive candidiasis 5 and high mortality rates (40% to 60%) 2 . Invasive candidiasis is one of the major clinical manifestations of the Candida genus caused by C. albicans and non-albicans 6 Candida, these, in turn, respond to at least 50% of the invasive infections by Candida spp. 3 , and can be fluconazole-resistant or difficult to extinguish due to the fact that they produce biofilm 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 , and can be fluconazole-resistant or difficult to extinguish due to the fact that they produce biofilm 7 . The Candida yeast has more than 200 existing species, among which are exemplified especially -C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. haemulonii, C. guilliermondii, and the most recently identified species, C. auris 1,6 . The latter has been classified as a highly pathogenic new species and it is multiresistant to antifungal agents traditionally used in clinical practice, being the cause of several systemic infections, which can be fatal 6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Candida yeast has more than 200 existing species, among which are exemplified especially -C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. haemulonii, C. guilliermondii, and the most recently identified species, C. auris 1,6 . The latter has been classified as a highly pathogenic new species and it is multiresistant to antifungal agents traditionally used in clinical practice, being the cause of several systemic infections, which can be fatal 6 . In 2013, a study reported 33% of lethality in cases of BSIs attributed to C. auris in all patients and 57% in the subgroup of patients admitted to intensive care therapy units; however these rates can be attributed to the severity of underlying diseases in these patients 8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida Auris: Emergence and Epidemiology of a Highly Pathogenic Yeast

Santos¹,

Lana²,

Mezzari³

2017

Clin. Biomed. Res.

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Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant emerging yeast, which was responsible for healthcare-associated infection outbreaks, and was cataloged as a new species in 2009, after being isolated from a patient's ear canal secretion in Japan. Since the notification of this first occurrence, numerous cases have been reported throughout the world, including Brazil. C. auris affects mainly inpatients, patients in intensive care units, exposed to broad-spectrum antifungal medications and who make use of vascular catheters. Currently, this yeast is one of the main responsible for invasive infections in hospitals and has been cause of concern by authorities and organs due to its rapid dissemination and difficult treatment caused by its low susceptibility to antifungal agents traditionally used in clinical practice. As a contributor to the severity of infections associated with C. auris, the transmission mechanism is still unknown, which implies in a lack of control of the microorganism and high mortality rates. Thus, this literature review presents relevant information in order to alert the importance of C. auris as an etiological agent of systemic infections, as well as its epidemiology and the real challenges of the treatment.

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Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Candida Auris: Emergence and Epidemiology of a Highly Pathogenic Yeast

Santos¹,

Lana²,

Mezzari³

2017

Clin. Biomed. Res.

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Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

2018

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From 2009, Candida auris has emerged as a multidrug‐resistant ascomycete yeast pathogen with the capacity for easy transmission between patients and hospitals, as well as persistence on environmental surfaces. Its association with high mortalities, breakthrough and persistent candidaemia, inconsistencies in susceptibility testing results, misidentification by available commercial identification systems and treatment failure, complicates its management and detection. Within the last nine years, C. auris has been increasingly reported from far‐Eastern Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, South and North America with substantial fatalities and misidentification. Herein, I provide a systematic and thorough review of this emerging pathogen. Meta‐analysis showed that at least 742 C. auris isolates have been reported in 16 countries, with most of these being from India (≥243), USA (≥232) and UK (≥103) (p‐value = .0355) within 2013–2017. Most isolates were from males (64.76%) (p‐value = .0329) and blood (67.48%) (p‐value < .0001), with substantial crude mortality (29.75%) (p‐value = .0488). Affected patients presented with other comorbidities: diabetes (≥52), sepsis (≥48), lung diseases (≥39), kidney diseases (≥32) etc. (p‐value < .0001). Resistance to fluconazole (44.29%), amphotericin B (15.46%), voriconazole (12.67%), caspofungin (3.48%) etc. were common (p‐value = .0059). Commonly used diagnostic tools included PCR (30.38%), Bruker MALDI‐TOF MS (14.00%), Vitek 2 YST ID (11.93%), AFLP (11.55%) and WGS (10.04%) (p‐value = .002). Multidrug resistance, high attributable mortality and persistence are associated with C. auris infections. Two novel drugs, SCY‐078 and VT‐1598, are currently in the pipeline. Contact precautions, strict infection control, periodic surveillance and cleaning with chlorine‐based detergents, efficient, faster and cheaper detection tools are necessary for prevention, containment and early diagnosis of C. auris infections.

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