Candida Auris: Emergence and Epidemiology of a Highly Pathogenic Yeast

Santos, Paula Slomp; Lana, Daiane Flores Dalla; Mezzari, Adelina

doi:10.4322/2357-9730.73982

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, C. glabrata produces sparse biofilm (less weight) with yeast cells. Thus, it is an essential pathogenic mechanism for its survival [ 40 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Candida Glabrata Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida glabrata: Pathogenicity and Resistance Mechanisms for Adaptation and Survival

Hassan

Chew

Than

2021

JoF

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Candida glabrata is a yeast of increasing medical relevance, particularly in critically ill patients. It is the second most isolated Candida species associated with invasive candidiasis (IC) behind C. albicans. The attributed higher incidence is primarily due to an increase in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, cancer, and diabetic patients. The elderly population and the frequent use of indwelling medical devices are also predisposing factors. This work aimed to review various virulence factors that facilitate the survival of pathogenic C. glabrata in IC. The available published research articles related to the pathogenicity of C. glabrata were retrieved and reviewed from four credible databases, mainly Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus. The articles highlighted many virulence factors associated with pathogenicity in C. glabrata, including adherence to susceptible host surfaces, evading host defences, replicative ageing, and producing hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., phospholipases, proteases, and haemolysins). The factors facilitate infection initiation. Other virulent factors include iron regulation and genetic mutations. Accordingly, biofilm production, tolerance to high-stress environments, resistance to neutrophil killings, and development of resistance to antifungal drugs, notably to fluconazole and other azole derivatives, were reported. The review provided evident pathogenic mechanisms and antifungal resistance associated with C. glabrata in ensuring its sustenance and survival.

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“…However, C. glabrata produces sparse biofilm (less weight) with yeast cells. Thus, it is an essential pathogenic mechanism for its survival [ 40 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Candida Glabrata Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, C. glabrata produces sparse biofilm (less weight) with yeast cells. Thus, it is an essential pathogenic mechanism for its survival [40] (Figure 2). Candidiasis associated with biofilm production has clinical implications.…”

Section: Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida glabrata: Pathogenicity and Resistance Mechanisms for Adaptation and Survival

Hassan

Chew

Than

2021

JoF

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“…However, C. glabrata produces sparse biofilm (less weight) with yeast cells. It is an essential pathogenic mechanism for its survival [43] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

<em>Candida glabrata</em>: Adopting Pathogenicity and Resistant Mechanisms for Survival

Hassan¹,

Sy²,

Than³

2021

Preprint

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Candida glabrata is a yeast of increasing medical relevance, particularly in critically ill patients. It is the second most isolated Candida species associated with invasive candidiasis (IC) behind C. albicans. The attributed higher incidence is primarily due to an increase in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, cancer, and diabetes patients. The elderly population and the frequent use of indwelling medical devices are also predisposing factors. The work aimed to review various virulence factors that facilitate the survival of pathogenic C. glabrata in IC. The available published research articles related to the pathogenicity of C. glabrata were retrieved and reviewed from four credible databases, mainly Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus. The articles highlighted many virulence factors associated with pathogenicity in C. glabrata, including adherence to a susceptible host surface, evading host defences, and producing hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., phospholipases, proteases, and haemolysins). The factors facilitate infection initiation. Other virulent factors include iron regulation and genetic mutations. Accordingly, biofilm production, tolerance to high-stress environments, and development of resistance to the antifungal drug, notably to fluconazole and other azole derivatives, were reported. The review provided evident pathogenic mechanisms and antifungal resistance associated with C. glabrata in ensuring its sustenance and survival.

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“…The main virulence factors of yeasts that induce candidiasis include: The sum of these virulent and resistant mechanisms together with the weakened host immune response may result in candidiasis [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary concern about this pathogen is its association with nosocomial outbreaks, particularly in intensive care units, its evolution, and its worldwide spread. The persistent transmission, despite preventive and control measures, its variable antifungal susceptibility profile to commonly used antifungal agents, and inadequate molecular diagnostic approach are major problems in many countries [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida auris: an emergent virulent and multidrug-resistant yeast associated with serious health implications

Hassan

Sule

2023

Academia Biology

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Background to the study: Invasive candidiasis is a critical healthcare-related fungal infection caused by several Candida species. Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant, non-albicans species responsible for nosocomial infections, from skin colonization to invasive candidiasis outbreaks. It causes horizontal transmission, persistent outbreaks, and high mortality rates ranging from 30% to 78% across the affected populations.Objectives and methodological approach: This study aimed to review the data obtained on various virulence and resistance factors of C. auris strains that facilitate their survival. The available published research articles related to C. auris pathogenicity were retrieved and reviewed from four reliable databases, namely ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.Results: Common virulent factors of C. auris include host-defense evasion, enzyme production (proteinase, hemolysin, and phospholipase), and adherence ability to host cells. Invasive candidiasis management requires the administration of an appropriate antifungal drug for successful clinical outcomes. Currently, only a few classes of antifungal drugs are available for antifungal therapeutic use. The emergence of resistance to a single class or multidrug greatly impaired effective management. About 90% of C. auris have intrinsic resistance to fluconazole.Conclusions and outcomes: Early, rapid, and sensitive diagnosis is essential for initiation of effective therapy since C. auris strains often produce virulent characteristics and are likely to resist the commonly used antifungal drugs.

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Candida Auris: Emergence and Epidemiology of a Highly Pathogenic Yeast

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Candida glabrata: Pathogenicity and Resistance Mechanisms for Adaptation and Survival

Candida glabrata: Pathogenicity and Resistance Mechanisms for Adaptation and Survival

<em>Candida glabrata</em>: Adopting Pathogenicity and Resistant Mechanisms for Survival

Candida auris: an emergent virulent and multidrug-resistant yeast associated with serious health implications

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