Perennial grass silages are needed as alternatives to corn (Zea mays L.) silage on erosive cropland. Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] may offer an alternative to corn for silage production, but it's fermentation characteristics and quality under different rates of N have not been evaluated. A 5‐yrold stand of ‘PMK‐24’ eastern gamagrass was treated in 1991 and 1992 with ammonium nitrate at 0, 100,and 200 lb N/acre and harvested for silage. Corn was grown adjacent to the eastern gamagrass stand in 1992 for comparison. First harvest eastern gamagrass forage was ensiled at the seed development stage in 1991 and inflorescence emergence stage in 1992, and regrowth forage at the vegetative stage both years. Eastern gamagrass silage pH was not influenced by stage of maturity or N rates, and averaged 0.4 to 0.8 pH units greater than corn silage. Concentrations of lactic and acetic acid in eastern gamagrass silage ranged from 1.1 to 3.0%, were not affected by N rates, and were greater than for corn silage. Eastern gamagrass silage had 2.6 to 4.2 percentage units greater crude protein (CP), 11.5 to 15.3 percentage units greater acid detergent fiber (ADF), 8.0 to 15.5 percentage units greater neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 1.8 to 6.1 percentage units greater lignin concentrations, and 10.9 to 21.3 percentage units lower in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) than corn silage. Eastern gamagrass harvested at inflorescence emergence or vegetative stages had 2.0 to 3.5 percentage units greater CP, 3.2 to 7.5 percentage units lower ADF, and 2.3 to 17.0 percentage units lower NDF concentrations than eastern gamagrass harvested at the seed development stage. Increased rates of N increased eastern gamagrass silage CP 1.6 to 3.0 percentage units, and tended to decrease ADF and NDF concentrations. If harvested at the vegetative or inflorescence emergence stage and proper moisture content, eastern gamagrass makes good quality silage, but of lower IVDMD than corn. Producers interested in using eastern gamagrass in place of corn for silage production on marginal and erosive cropland will have to weigh the potential benefits of reduced annual input costs and reduced soil erosion against reduced forage quality. Research Question Corn silage production can result in considerable soil erosion on marginal and sloping cropland. To create more sustainable silage production systems and help reduce soil erosion, high yielding, high quality perennial grass silages are needed as alternatives to corn for silage production on erosive cropland. Eastern gamagrass is a high quality, native perennial warm‐season grass with forage dry matter yields that compare favorably with corn silage. However, before eastern gamagrass can be recommended as an alternative to corn for silage production on erosive cropland, the fermentation characteristics and quality of eastern gamagrass silage must be evaluated under different N rates. The objective of this research was to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and quality of first cut and regrow...
1. Two experiments are reported in which the effect of the intragastric infusion of non-protein energy on fasting nitrogen losses was studied. Expt 1 was a preliminary trial with two 35 kg lambs given 0, 144, 288 or 432 kJ/kg live weight (W)a"s per d as lipid or glucose infused into the abomasum for periods of 3 d. Expt 2 was of a 4 x 4 Latin square design with four sheep of about 30 kg live weight. The four treatments were control (fasted with water infusion), or the infusion of 144 W/kg W0'76 per d as glucose or lipid into the abomasum or as acetic acid into the reticulo-rumen.2. Compared with the fasted control, glucose infusion reduced (P < 0.05) N excretion to about 0.6 of that of the control, increased (P < 0.05) plasma glucose, decreased (P < 0.05) plasma urea and 8-hydroxybutyrate, and was without effect on plasma amino-N or creatinine excretion.3. Lipid and acetate infusions were without statistically significant effect on N or creatinine excretion or any of the blood indices measured, with the exception of plasma glucose which was reduced (P < 0.05) with acetate infusion.The so-called ' nitrogen-sparing ' effect of carbohydrates has been recognized for some years.With non-ruminant animals, the feeding of increments of carbohydrate to fasting animals, or to animals with low energy intakes, usually result in a decrease in N excretion (Munro, 1964). It has been generally assumed that the reason for this was that the glucose replaced some protein as a source
An adult male fed by parenteral alimentation for 48 days had successive intakes of a complete mixture of essential amino acids, and then lysine- and histidine deletion to test for the essentially of histidine. After 22 days of histidine-free-intake, 15NH4Cl was ingested orally with subsequent measurement of the time patterns for the appearance of 15N in total plasma proteins, globin from hemoglobin and urine. The 15N was incorporated into glutamate, aspartate, tyrosine, and histidine, but not lysine, of plasma proteins and globin. Urinary histidine and Ntau-methylhistidine, but not lysine, also contained 15N. Degradation of several histidine samples by two methods and two Ntau-methylhistidine samples demonstrated the presence of 15N in both the alpha-amino nitrogen and the imidazole ring. The incorporation of 15N into the ring indicates limited synthesis of histidine in an adult man under the above stated conditions.
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