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Beef bull calves (n = 62) were assigned randomly, within sire breed, to 1 of 4 treatments at birth. Treatments were 1) surgical castration near birth, 2) surgical castration near birth with oral administration of meloxicam (1 mg/kg BW), 3) surgical castration at weaning (WNG), or 4) surgical castration at weaning with oral administration of meloxicam (1 mg/kg BW; WMX). A subset of calves (n = 7/treatment group) were selected randomly near birth for blood collection, behavioral analyses, and rectal temperature (RT) records for a 7-d postcastration period on d 0 (birth), 1, 3, and 7, and on d 214 (weaning), 214 + 6 h, 215, 217, 221, and 228. Calf standing and lying activity were monitored from the same subsets by recording x- and y-axis positions of an accelerometer attached to the right metatarsus for 7 d postcastration. Calf BW was recorded throughout the entire production cycle, and carcass data were collected at slaughter. For statistical analyses, bulls left intact at birth were considered a positive control (BUL) for observations that occurred before their treatment application at weaning; likewise, bulls castrated at birth were considered a negative control (STR) during postweaning observations. No difference (P > 0.88) occurred in ADG between treatments throughout the preweaning period (d 0 to 214); however, 56-d postweaning ADG was greatest ( P= 0.02) in STR, intermediate in WMX, and least in WNG. At weaning, haptoglobin (Hp) was greater (P ≤ 0.005) for WNG and WMX compared to STR on d 214+6 h, 215, and 217, and Hp was greater (P = 0.05) in WNG compared to WMX on d 217. Neutrophils increased (P < 0.001) and red blood cells decreased (P ≤ 0.03) for WNG and WMX on d 214+6 h and 217, respectively. Postweaning behavior observations indicated that STR calves spent the least proportion of time standing (P = 0.002) when compared to WNG and WMX. Furthermore, WMX calves exhibited a greater proportion of time spent standing (P = 0.03) compared to WNG. Grazing and finishing phase ADG and carcass measurements did not differ (P ≥ 0.24) across treatments. In this study, surgical castration at weaning, but not near birth, altered the acute phase response, behavior, and growth performance. Oral meloxicam reduced serum Hp and improved ADG briefly when administered to calves castrated at weaning. Oral administration of meloxicam may be efficacious for mitigating some of the stress and inflammation associated with castration of weaning-age bull calves.

In a double-blind trial alprenolol IOO mg four times daily or placebo was given to 87 patientsfor one year from onset of their acute myocardial infarction. Patients were assessed on five occasions after their discharge from hospital. The mortality and hospital readmission rates were not significantly different in the two groups. This also applied to the incidence of cardiac failure, exertional dyspnoea, andfrequency of ventricular ectopic beats. The incidence of angina pectoris and the consumption of trinitrin were also not significantly different. The patients taking alprenolol had a significantly better rehabilitation rate judged by return to work. No injurious effect of alprenolol on the myocardium was observed using heart volume measurements as a criterion. There was a significant fall in resting systolic blood pressure between three months and one year in the patients on alprenolol and the systolic blood pressure during exercise on alprenolol was also significantly lower. Most patients felt better when exercised while taking alprenolol but there was no significant difference in the frequency of angina or ischaemic changes in the electrocardiogram during exercise with or without alprenolol. Ventilation and 02 uptake at rest and during exercise were lower on alprenolol. No bronchoconstrictor effect from alprenolol was detected.

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Primary Audience: Commercial Turkey Flock Managers, Supervisors and Veterinarians, Researchers SUMMARYA field trial was conducted on a farm in Michigan with commercial turkeys naturally infected with ascaridia dissimilis. The birds were treated at approximately 8 and 14 wk of age on a per-barn basis with fenbendazole (Safeguard) in the feed at 16 ppm for 6 d (1 barn), or with levamisole (Prohibit) in the water at 16 mg/kg of BW (2 barns). Six birds were obtained at random and sacrificed in each barn for worm burden determinations before treatments and again soon after treatments. Nematicidal efficacies for fenbendazole and levamisole were shown to be 99.3 to 99.9% and 54.6 to 85.8%, respectively. Despite the far greater reductions in worm burdens by fenbendazole as compared with levamisole, the burdens at the time of retreatment had equalized in all barns, illustrating the role of premunition regarding turkey ascaridiasis, and highlighting the overriding importance of reducing the challenge to provide long-term control of this parasitism.

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Nutritional quality of range plants eaten by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiimus Raf.) in southern Texas is lowest during summer and fall. Nutritional quality of shrub regrowth is typically elevated for several months following top growth removal. We tested a strategy to temper the summer-fall decline in nutritional quality of guajillo (Acacia benkn&eri Benth.) and blackbrush acacia (A. rigid&a Benth.) by roller chopping separate, adjacent portions of the habitat each year during early July. ParaUel strips of brush 48-m wide and about 1.6 km-long were roller chopped during 1986-87 in a pattern of alternating roller-chopped and nonbeated strips. Leaves and twig tips of nontreated plants and of regrowth from roller-chopped plants were collected bimonthly and analyzed for crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Crude protein of guajillo leaves and stems was higher for regrowth than for nontreated plants for 6 and 8 months, respectively, after roller chopping in 1987, and IVOMD of leaves increased for 2 months. The CP of blackbrush leaves from regrowth was higher than CP of leaves from nontreated plants for 6 months after roller chopping in 1987 but IVOMD temporarily decreased. Roller chopping in early July may temporarily increase CP of guajillo browse during the hate summer and early fall nutritional stress period, but it is not a promising method for rejuvenation of blackbrush browse.