▪ Abstract This article discusses briefly the status of energy storage technologies and explores opportunities for their application in the rapidly changing US energy marketplace. Traditionally, electric utility energy storage has been used to store low-priced purchased or generated electric energy for later sale or use when energy cost would otherwise be much higher. But deregulation and restructuring in the electric industry, coupled with an expanding portfolio of storage alternatives, may lead to many new opportunities for energy storage, especially within the energy distribution infrastructure, and for maintaining or providing power quality at large customer sites. Small, modular, robust energy storage technologies could be used to solve a range of energy supply and infrastructure-related needs. This article provides quantitative evidence of utility-related energy storage status, benefits, and opportunities.
This Guide describes a high level, technology-neutral framework for assessing potential benefits from and economic market potential for energy storage used for electric utilityrelated applications.
This report describes a methodology for estimating the power and energy capacities for electricity energy storage systems that can be used to defer costly upgrades to fully overloaded, or nearly overloaded, transmission and distribution (T&D) nodes. This "sizing" methodology may be used to estimate the amount of storage needed so that T&D upgrades may be deferred for one year. The same methodology can also be used to estimate the characteristics of storage needed for subsequent years of deferral.4 Acknowledgement
assumed, no specifics on operating hours or effect on deferral period. Benefits Methodology Comments Title Date of Pub. Stakeholder Perspective Data Sources Model(s) Used Author's cost-benefit test. Strengths of Model(s) Clearly indicates the benefit categories. Weaknesses of Model(s) Does not clearly describe how expansion plan deferral benefits are calculated. Geographical Location or Region St. Juan Islands in Puget Sound north of Seattle, Washington. Stakeholder Perspectives Utility Technologies and DER Capacity 500 kW 2-hour battery storage plant and a 350 kW variable speed wind turbine. Applications Analyzed Utility installed to reduce system peak demand and defer costly expansion upgrade plan. Study Period 2000 to 2002 Benefits Data Deferment of expensive circuit upgrade, reduce energy usage from the central system, reduce monthly demand charges, reduction in energy losses, attainment of Energy Policy Act production incentives for wind energy.
This paper summarizes the performance of the world's largest PV power plant for [1984][1985][1986][1987][1988][1989]. Although the plant has high availability, energy production efficiency has declined at the rate of 8-12% per year since 1986. For the first time, performance results of mirrored and nonmirrored segments are presented. These results indicate that the non-mirrored segment is performing well with minimal efficiency degradation and low operation and maintenance costs.
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