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Abstract. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) sales have grown in the last years. Depending on the PEV model, each PEV can store approximately between 5-40 kWh of energy. This energy can be used not only for travel purposes but also for other appliances like providing energy for homes (V2H) or buildings (V2B) and even for supply ancillary services to distribution network operators, through vehicle to grid concept (V2G). This paper presents the different strategies that can be found in the literature about delivering energy from PEV batteries. Also, commercial solutions and pilot projects are presented.

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As renewable energy source (RES) tend to be integrated more and more at home and electric vehicles (EVs) take a greater share in the personal automobile market, users see a chance to charge their EVs by micro-RES. In this context, this paper presents a review about opportunities and challenges needed to be overcome by the EV users to implement a vehicle to home system in their homes, as well as the integration of micro-RES. Several practical scenarios are presented, with different demand profiles, by integrating renewable energy that could be used to charge the EV.Keywords Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV), Vehicle to home (V2H), Micro renewable energy source (micro-RES), Challenges

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Abstract. Decentralized control techniques are acquiring more and more importance to efficiently manage a large number of distributed energy resources (DER). It is expected that, in the future, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) will act as DERs providing valued services to power grids. In addition, it has been proven that uncontrolled charging of PEVs will have a significant impact on the operation of MV/LV distribution networks. In this context, this paper presents a review on decentralized control approaches to adequately integrate PEVs in MV/LV distribution networks. Among these decentralized control techniques, optimal and droop based controls are the most common. Both have strengths and weaknesses, so, more research about mixing both methods is needed.