Plug-in electric vehicles in electric distribution networks: A review of smart charging approaches

García-Villalobos, J.; Zamora, I.; Martín, Jesús Izquierdo; Asensio, F.J.; Aperribay, V.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.040

Cited by 369 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…These vehicles are capable of storing energy in their batteries and are only utilized in 4% of their lifetime for transportation [3]. That is, PEVs may be utilized for other services, particularly as distributed energy storage units, when they are parked and connected to the grid [4][5][6]. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology provides the means for services such as peak shaving [5,6], valleyfilling [6], voltage and frequency regulation [7,8], reactive power compensation [9,10], and spinning reserve [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A fast and efficient coordinated vehicle-to-grid discharging control scheme for peak shaving in power distribution system

Erdoğan

Erden

Kisacikoglu

2018

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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This study focuses on the potential role of plugin electric vehicles (PEVs) as a distributed energy storage unit to provide peak demand minimization in power distribution systems. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power and currently available information transfer technology enables utility companies to use this stored energy. The V2G process is first formulated as an optimal control problem. Then, a two-stage V2G discharging control scheme is proposed. In the first stage, a desired level for peak shaving and duration for V2G service are determined off-line based on forecasted loading profile and PEV mobility model. In the second stage, the discharging rates of PEVs are dynamically adjusted in real time by considering the actual grid load and the characteristics of PEVs connected to the grid. The optimal and proposed V2G algorithms are tested using a real residential distribution transformer and PEV mobility data collected from field with different battery and charger ratings for heuristic user case scenarios. The peak shaving performance is assessed in terms of peak shaving index and peak load reduction. Proposed solution is shown to be competitive with the optimal solution while avoiding high computational loads. The impact of the V2G management strategy on the system loading at night is also analyzed by implementing an off-line charging scheduling algorithm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental data and case studies are presented in Sect. 4. Section 5 provides the main concluding remarks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast and efficient coordinated vehicle-to-grid discharging control scheme for peak shaving in power distribution system

Erdoğan

Erden

Kisacikoglu

2018

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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“…More specifically, direct control implies high communication and computation requirements, price-based control brings higher uncertainty to the controllers such as DSO or FO, market-based control introduces unnecessary complexity to objects under control such as individual EVs as indicated in [14], [15]. To manage and implement the electric vehicles smart charging, the information, interactions, and functions required in fleet operator and EV charging controller are discussed in details in [22] for direct and indirect control method. The charging infrastructure, battery management system, and the communication requirements for smart charging is overviewed in [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Distribution Grid Congestion by Integrating Indirect Control in a Hierarchical Electric Vehicles’ Management System

Lind

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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Abstract-In this paper, a hierarchical management system is proposed to integrate electric vehicles (EVs) into a distribution grid. Three types of actors are included in the system: Distribution system operators (DSOs), Fleet operators (FOs) and EV owners. In contrast to a typical hierarchical control system where the upper level controller directly controls the lower level subordinated nodes, this study aims to integrate two common indirect control methods:market-based control and price-based control into the hierarchical electric vehicles management system. Specifically, on the lower level of the hierarchy, the FOs coordinate the charging behaviors of their EV users using a price-based control method. A parametric utility model is used on the lower level to characterize price elasticity of electric vehicles and thus used by the FO to coordinate the individual EV charging. On the upper level of the hierarchy, the distribution system operator uses the market-based control strategy to coordinate the limited power capacity of power transformer with fleet operators. To facilitate the application of the two indirect control methods into the system, a model describing decision tasks in control is used to specify the essential functions that are needed in the control system. The simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.

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“…Table 1 Though EVs cannot guarantee long driving distance there are several advantages of using EVs. These advantages [7] comparing with conventional vehicles using fossil fuel can be described as follows.…”

Section: Technology For Electric Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Electric Vehicles and Communication Technologies in Smart Grid Environment

Lee¹

2018

IJCA

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Plug-in electric vehicles in electric distribution networks: A review of smart charging approaches

Cited by 369 publications

References 73 publications

A fast and efficient coordinated vehicle-to-grid discharging control scheme for peak shaving in power distribution system

A fast and efficient coordinated vehicle-to-grid discharging control scheme for peak shaving in power distribution system

Preventing Distribution Grid Congestion by Integrating Indirect Control in a Hierarchical Electric Vehicles’ Management System

Study on Electric Vehicles and Communication Technologies in Smart Grid Environment

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