The in vitro production of pycnidia by Septoria tritici was examined on six media reported to induce the formation of fruiting bodies. Among 26 freshly isolated cultures from various parts of the world, consistent differences in growth type were found which were only partially influenced by nutritional and environmental conditions. Cultures with yeast-like growth produced hardly any pycnidia or pseudopycnidia, while cultures with intermediate or mycelial growth types produced them frequently. Incubation in continuous darkness induced intermediate to mycelial growth types rather than yeast-like growth types in some cultures, and concomitantly the production of more pycnidia. Potato-dextrose agar induced intermediate to mycelial growth types and production of (pseudo)pycnidia more often than V8 agar and wheat leaf extract agar, which had previously been reported to be especially beneficial to (pseudo) pycnidium formation by S. tritiei. Isolates with a consistently yeast-like growth type, producing (virtually) no fructifications under any of the experimental conditions, were slightly stimulated to form pseudopycnidia on water agar supplemented with sterile pieces of maize, wheat or carnation leaves.Additional keywords." speckled leaf blotch, wheat, growth type, pseudopycnidia.
Diseases can severely reduce the economic return of growing wheat. Wheat diseases cause harvest losses, affect the quality of the harvest crop, and cause storage losses. Yield losses might depend on the genetically determined resistance and tolerance of the wheat cultivars to specific diseases, the diversity and level of the pathogen inoculum present, and the environmental conditions. This special issue includes two reviews articles and four research papers addressing the structure of the population of and the location of the resistance to some pathogens, the effect of fungal diseases affecting seedlings, leaves, and spikes on wheat yield and quality, and different strategies to manage them.Two review articles on bacterial (Pseudomonas syringae pathovars) and fungal diseases of wheat (Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fückel) Schroeter in Cohn, anamorph Septoria tritici Rob. ex Desm.) causing septoria leaf blotch are included. The first one is written by A. J. Valencia-Botin and M. E. Cisneros-López and addresses recent advances in the characterization of the population of the bacterial pathogen by traditional and molecular techniques, the evaluation of its aggressiveness, the pattern of colonization in the wheat seeds and its effects on seed yield, yield components, and source-sink relationships during the postanthesis period. The second one is written by M. R. Simón et al. and describes the most recent efforts to investigate the structure of the population of the fungal pathogen and the location of genes for resistance, with special emphasis on the work carried out in Argentina during the last years.In addition, M. C. Quincke et al. examine the incidence of Cephalosporium stripe, caused by Cephalosporium gramineum Nikisado and Ikata, a pathogen causing a serious disease of winter wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the USA, on yield loss, test weight, kernel weight, kernel diameter, and grain protein, whereas R. P. Marano et al. assess how supplementary irrigation affects yield and the incidence and severity of some foliar diseases mainly leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks, tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., anamorph Drechslera triticirepentis (Died.) Shoem., and septoria leaf blotch. Furthermore, I. M. Haigh and M. C. Hare describe the effect of freezing temperatures on Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit) Müller, anamorph Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels, and Hallet and Monographella majus (Wollenw.) Glynn and Edwards, causing seeding blight of winter wheat, whereas M. Nicolau and J. M. C. Fernandes present a predictive model for daily inoculum levels of Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch., anamorph Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in Passo Fundo, Brazil which combined with an infection process model might be useful to quantify the impact of Fusarium head blight epidemics on wheat yield and quality.Together these papers give insight into the diversity of approaches in investigating the control of wheat diseases. We would like to thank all contributors for their interesting contributio...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.