The ancestry of the Colombian population comprises a large number of well differentiated Native communities belonging to diverse linguistic groups. In the late fifteenth century, a process of admixture was initiated with the arrival of the Europeans, and several years later, Africans also became part of the Colombian population. Therefore, the genepool of the current Colombian population results from the admixture of Native Americans, Europeans and Africans. This admixture occurred differently in each region of the country, producing a clearly stratified population. Considering the importance of population substructure in both clinical and forensic genetics, we sought to investigate and compare patterns of genetic ancestry in Colombia by studying samples from Native and non-Native populations living in its 5 continental regions: the Andes, Caribe, Amazonia, Orinoquía, and Pacific regions. For this purpose, 46 AIM-Indels were genotyped in 761 non-related individuals from current populations. Previously published genotype data from 214 Colombian Natives from five communities were used for population comparisons. Significant differences were observed between Native and non-Native populations, among non-Native populations from different regions and among Native populations from different ethnic groups. The Pacific was the region with the highest African ancestry, Amazonia harboured the highest Native ancestry and the Andean and Orinoquían regions showed the highest proportion of European ancestry. The Andean region was further sub-divided into 6 sub-regions: North East, Central West, Central East, West, South West and South East. Among these regions, the South West region showed a significantly lower European admixture than the other regions. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and variance values of ancestry among individuals within populations showed a potential stratification of the Pacific population.
Livestock (Bos taurus) is one of the main sources of protein in the human diet, and is one of the major commercial activities worldwide involving billions of dollars annually; Molecular genetics has been involved for decades in the study of this species. In the present work, 339 bovines of the Angus-Brangus breed were STR typified, allelic frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated, and Hardy-Weimberg equilibrium was assesed.
Colombian laws require that paternity testing probability (W) values be higher than 99,99% to prove biological relationship. IdentiGEN lab currently uses 23 autosomal genetic markers included in the commercial kits Identifiler®, PowerPlex®16, FFFL® and Triplex® (in-house kit: D18S535, D2S1338, SE33); however, in some complex cases the number of markers is not enough to reach the legal statistical threshold. IdentiPLEX kit, consisting of 19 markers, selected from NIST & STRbase databases was developed and validated according to the requirements established by the norm NTC-ISO17025. These include among others, studies of precision, specificity, sensitivity, stutter proportion and concordance tests. Forensic and population parameters were also calculated using Powerstats and Arlequin V3.5.2 software (N = 701 individuals). These analyses allowed to conclude that identiplex kit is appropriate for routine analysis casework, and more specifically aiming to solve criminal and filiation complex cases.
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