No abstract

No abstract

Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory expanded the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model and incorporated the fuel economy and electricity use of alternative fuel/vehicle systems simulated by the Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) to conduct a well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The WTW results were separately calculated for the blended charge-depleting (CD) and charge-sustaining (CS) modes of PHEV operation and then combined by using a weighting factor that represented the CD vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) share. As indicated by PSAT simulations of the CD operation, grid electricity accounted for a share of the vehicle's total energy use, ranging from 6% for a PHEV 10 to 24% for a PHEV 40, based on CD VMT shares of 23% and 63%, respectively. FIGURE 19 WTW GHG Emissions for Combined CD and CS Operations as a Function of AER Using the Illinois Marginal Generation Mix

The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.

Initiatives to limit carbon dioxide (COz) emissions have drawn considerable interest to integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) power generation. This process can reduce CO 2production because of its higher efficiency, and it is amenable to CO/ capture, because CO 2 can be removed before combustion and the associated dilution with atmospheric nitrogen. This paper presents a process-design baseline that encompasses the IGCC system, CO 2 transport by pipeline, and land-based sequestering of CO 2 in geological reservoirs. The intent of this study is to provide the CO 2 budget, or an "equivalent CO2" budget, associated with each of the individual energy-cycle steps. Design capital and operating costs for the process are included in the full study but are not reported in the present paper. The value used for the "equivalent CO2" budget will be 1 kg CO2/kWh e. The base case is a 470-MW (at the busbar) IGCC system using an air-blown Kellogg Rust Westinghouse (KRW) agglomerating fluidized bed gasifier, U.S. Illinois #6 bituminous coal feed, and in-bed sulfur removal. Mining, feed preparation, and conversion result in a net electric power production of 461 MW, with a 0.830 kg/kWh e CO 2 release rate. In the CO 2 recovery case, the gasifier output is taken through water-gas shift and then to Selexol, a glycol-based absorber-stripper process that recovers CO 2 before it enters the combustion turbine. This process results in 350 MW at the busbar. A 500-km pipeline takes the recovered CO 2 to geological sequestering. The net electric power production in the recovery case is 320 MW, with a 0.234 kg/k_Vh e CO 2 release rate.