Well-To-Wheels Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Elgowainy, Amgad; Burnham, Andrew; Wang, Michael; Molburg, J.C.; Rousseau, Aymeric

doi:10.4271/2009-01-1309

Cited by 69 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, with the given power plant park, DSM also increases total CO 2 emissions. This pattern was also seen in U.S. simulations for regions that are coal dependent [9,10]. The specific CO 2 emissions for electricity generated to provide for last trip charging are 558.21 g/kWh.…”

Section: Scenario 1: -Least Marginal Cost Dispatchsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…It seems very likely that, without very high emission taxes, coal will dominate [8] the lower price part of the merit order in the future in Germany. These and other results imply that PEVs using smart charging where coal provides a significant portion of generation will not reduce the CO 2 emissions of the transportation sector [9,10] (also see Figure 2). It may be deduced that RES are necessary to fuel PEVs in order to achieve a significant reduction of CO 2 emissions unless nuclear power instead of coal provides most base load capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…It is found in this simulation that the legal fiction that PEVs could entirely be served by RES under such operational targets is not terribly inaccurate. The conclusions in detail are:  For the case study made, but also for other electricity systems, the CO 2 emissions from the power plants allocated to PEVs via "smart charging" using least marginal cost can be higher than the average of the total power plant mix 7 , particularly if coal dominates base-load generation capacity [5,9,10]. A higher share of renewable energy sources (RES) magnifies this effect because RES only very rarely function as the marginal power plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. As was estimated for the U.S. [9,10], there must be a significant share of natural gas generation to bring PEV electric driving CO 2 averages estimated using least marginal cost dispatch below estimates for conventional vehicles…”

Section: Scenario 1: -Least Marginal Cost Dispatchmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effect of demand response on the marginal electricity used by plug-in electric vehicles

Dallinger

Wietschel

Santini

2012

WEVJ

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Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) are considered to be a potentially sustainable alternative to conventional vehicles for private transport and a way of balancing intermittent generation from renewable energy sources (RES). Using RES for electric mobility would be superior to all available fossil generation alternatives in terms of emissions and efficient energy conversion. To quantify the marginal energy from RES used, two charging strategies last trip charging and optimized demand-side management (DSM) with dynamic pricing are investigated for a German long-term high RES power mix scenario. The results for both charging cases indicate that the power demand for PEVs will not be met by RES. For last trip charging 1.40% comes from RES. In terms of DSM this share increases to 7.38% but results in higher overall CO 2 emissions because for Germany coal provides the lowest cost fossil power. Hence DSM charging reduces peak load and helps to balance RES generation but is contrary to the original idea of clean transportation because of higher marginal emissions caused by the utilisation of coal.To account for contractual arrangements allowing consumers to directly purchase RES electricity, a second scenario with additional installed RES capacity is analysed. Because of the high RES share of over 50 % a complete usage of the RES is not possible and a small fraction of power must still be provided by dispatchable power plants. For the second scenario, DSM charging also allows for an increased use of RES compared to last trip charging (99 % versus 90% RES). In addition, total marginal CO 2 emissions are lower and DSM helps to balance the ramping of RES. Therefore, it is concluded that for Germany the installation of additional RES and DSM charging would guarantee clean transportation using electric vehicles.

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Section: Scenario 1: -Least Marginal Cost Dispatchsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scenario 1: -Least Marginal Cost Dispatchmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of demand response on the marginal electricity used by plug-in electric vehicles

Dallinger

Wietschel

Santini

2012

WEVJ

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“…ODOT's fleet of sedans includes conventional and hybrid vehicles. ODOT's fleet management division has been collaborating with Oregon Universities and other studies have studied ODOT's replacement policies and cost functions [17,18]. As vehicles age, in general, it is possible to observe a steady increase in O&M cost over time (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Economic Fleet Replacement Modeling: Part I

Kim¹,

Figliozzi²,

Porter³

2011

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This paper focuses on the economic and environmental optimization of vehicle replacement decisions. A new type of vehicle replacement model (VRM) that minimizes purchase, operating, maintenance, and emissions costs is proposed. An integer programming VRM is adapted from literature to represent current environmental and policy issues such as greenhouse gas (GHG) taxes and incentives for electric vehicle purchases. This research also analyzes the impacts of utilization (mileage per year per vehicle) and gasoline prices on fleet management decisions estimating energy and emissions reductions for a variety of fleet replacement scenarios using real-world data in the United States. Findings include: (a) fuel efficient vehicles such as hybrid and electric vehicles are purchased only in scenarios with high gasoline prices and/or utilization, (b) current European CO 2 cap and trade emissions price (around $18.7/ton) do not significantly alter fleet management decisions, and (c) electric vehicle incentives (i.e., tax credits) do increase the rate of purchases of hybrid or electric vehicles in scenarios with high gasoline prices and vehicle utilization. This research indicates that the proposed model can be effectively used to inform environmental and fiscal policies regarding vehicle regulations, tax incentives, and GHG emissions.

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Electrification of Transportation

Ranjbar¹,

Sharifzadeh²

2022

Industry 4.0 Vision for Energy and Materials

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Well-To-Wheels Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Cited by 69 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of demand response on the marginal electricity used by plug-in electric vehicles

Effect of demand response on the marginal electricity used by plug-in electric vehicles

Green and Economic Fleet Replacement Modeling: Part I

Electrification of Transportation

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