The exposure tests followed by metallographic evaluation and the electrochemical reactivation measurements in double-loop (DL-EPR) modification were used for investigation of the influence of non-boiling heat transfer on initiation and rate of propagation of intergranular corrosion (IGC) of sensitized austenitic stainless steel EN 1.4301 (AISI 304) in sulfuric acid solutions. The influence of heat flux and surface temperature was ascertained separately. The susceptibility to IGC and the rate of crack propagation increased with the surface temperature. Heat flux from metal to solution at constant surface temperature facilitated the IGC initiation, but at the same time it caused a drop of the corrosion attack depth in the metal. The increase of the heat flux by 10 kW m À2 in a range from 0 to 42 kW m À2 led to a drop of the maximum depth of cracks formed after subsequent bending the specimen, in average by 8%. The overall danger of corrosion was lower at positive heat flux between metal and solution than under isothermal conditions at constant surface temperature of the metal. The intensification of heat flux by 10 kW m À2 had the same effect on the IGC as a change of the surface temperature by less than 2 K. Therefore, the effect of the heat flux on IGC of the heat exchangers operating under non-boiling conditions may be considered as relatively less important than the effect of the surface temperature.
The paper studies corrosion resistance of a new type of material in the environment of moist bentonite, which is typical for nuclear waste repository. The material was characterized by measurements of hardness, metallography, and scanning electron microscopy. Methods of impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic, and potentiostatic tests were used to assess corrosion resistance. The measurements were carried out in pore solution of Czech bentonite Rokle B75 and model pore solution B1600 of Volclay MX80 bentonite. It is impossible for this material that localized corrosion occur in the environment of Rokle B75. Localized corrosion may occur in the environment of Volclay MX 80 bentonite at temperatures higher than 40 8C, obviously at potentials exceeding red/ox potential of aerated pore solution.
The presented work deals with the possibility of electrochemical detection of the spinodal decomposition of duplex stainless steel's ferritic phase using the modified electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation double loop (EPR‐DL) method. Specimens of FeCr23Ni6Mo3N (2205) steel exposed to the model low‐temperature annealing at 420 °C for up to 1000 h were used in the experiment. The specimens were evaluated using potentiodynamic curves measurements in chloride solutions and microhardness measurements. Despite hardening the ferritic phase for up to 1 h, a substantial drop of resistance to attack by chlorides was reported only after 1000 h of annealing. The modified EPR‐DL method in 2 M HCl + 0.1 M KSCN solution enables sensitive identification of the spinodal decomposition rate already from early stages.
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