Our study stresses the need for precise diagnostic criteria for adenomyosis, and furthermore indicates that endometrial hyperplasia and adenomyosis may have a common aetiology.

In Danish women, a supplement of 40 mg ferrous iron/day from 18 weeks of gestation appears adequate to prevent iron deficiency in 90% of the women and iron deficiency anemia in at least 95% of the women during pregnancy and postpartum.

Ultrasound scanning of the testes and surgical biopsy were performed in 95 infertile men to evaluate the use of ultrasound in male infertility. Ultrasonic testicular volume was calculated using three measurements and the formula of an ellipsoid, and the ultrasonic texture was evaluated and given a score from 1 to 5, indicating increasing degrees of irregularity. The median score was 3 (range 1-5), which was higher than previously found in normal men (median score 2; range 1-5; P < 0.0001). The ultrasonic texture score was lower in testes with a uniform pattern of 100% spermatogenic tubules compared with the rest, both for the right (P < 0.001) and for the left (P < 0.0005) testis. Texture score was correlated with the number of obliterated tubules for both testes (P < 0.001). The mean ultrasonic testicular volume of the right testis was 10.30 ml, and that of the left 10.26 ml. Both were smaller compared with the findings in normal men (P < 0.0001). Ultrasonic testicular volume was negatively correlated with texture score (P < 0.001). A positive correlation between ultrasonic volume and sperm count was seen (P < 0.001). Sperm count was negatively correlated with texture score if calculated together with data from 119 men from the general population (P < 0.001). The study shows that ultrasonic volume and texture are valuable parameters in the evaluation of infertile men.

To evaluate different methods for assessment of diagnosis and severity of urinary incontinence, 72 women underwent two consecutive 24 hours pad tests, a 1 hour pad test, a stress test, urodynamic examination, and a voiding-cysto-urethrography. The results were analysed and related to clinical findings.The 24 hours pad test revealed a good patient compliance, was as informative as to grade of incontinence as a 48 hours test, was reliable for all grades and types of incontinence, and correlated to clinical findings.The 1 hour pad test underestimated the grade of incontinence and was less correlated to clinical parameters than the 24 hours test.To estimate a level for pathological leakage, 25 continent controls underwent a 24 hours pad test. The results of the pad tests could be stratified by mean leakage per 24 hours as follows: up to 5 g in continent women, 40 g in mild incontinence, 80 g in moderate incontinence, and 200 g in severe incontinence.It could be concluded that a 24 hours home test was the pad test of choice for quantification and diagnosis of urinary incontinence.

No abstract

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) methods were introduced by Laurel1 in 1965 (48,49), modified by Clarke and Freeman (12), and further developed at the Protein Laboratory of the University of Copenhagen (3). These methods are extremely useful for the study of one or more proteins and other antigens occurring in complex mixtures without prior purification. In addition, if antigen purification is undertaken, the methods are powerful tools for monitoring each step in that process (1-3, 49). Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods were also adapted to the study of antigenic cross-reactions and for identification and quantitation of precipitating antibodies (1-3). By the use of detergents, hydrophobic membrane-bound antigens also have been quantitatively studied (2, 6).The pattern of cross-reactivity between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial species (34), as well as patterns obtained in a number of subsequent studies of other bacterial species, indicated a close correlation between the number of cross-reactive antigens between bacterial species and their taxonomic relatedness as defined by more traditional methods

Sonohysterography is a simple, fast, well tolerated and accurate method to evaluate the uterine cavity in patients with metrorrhagia or infertility.

A prospectively collected group of 93 pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion was carefully monitored throughout pregnancy, during birth and in the perinatal period, and any deviation from a completely uneventful course was registered. Comparison was made with a selected group of 282 non-risk pregnant women. A significant association was found between threatened abortion and the overall number of complications in the second half of pregnancy requiring medical intervention and/or admission to hospital, impending pre-term birth requiring betamimetics, pre-term birth, retention of the placenta, birth weight below 2000 g, light-for-dates infants in case of pre-term birth or birth weight below 2000 g, and hyperbilirubinemia in infants with birth weight below 2000 g. The incidences of perinatal mortality and congenital malformations did not differ significantly from those of the control group. Pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion constitute a risk group requiring careful obstetric and perinatal supervision and follow-up.