Upon leaving an elevated runway to enter a darkened chamber, different groups of rats were given a single electric shock of 0.125,0.250, or 0.500 rnA for 1, 3, or 9 sec. Retention trials, during which latency to enter the darkened chamber and defecation were recorded, were given immediately (30 sec) or 3, 24, or 48 h after the shock trial. Latency and defecation were directly related to both the intensity and duration of the electric shock. No interaction between shock intensity and duration was observed. Response latency was inversely related to the retention interval and, although there was more defecation during the 3-h than during the immediate retention test, this could be interpreted as a recency effect rather than as the incubation of fear.

No abstract

No abstract

Licking behavior of rats appeared to be interrupted periodically for about 20 ms. Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence is presented which indicates that during this period swallowing occurs. The hypothesis was tested that swallowing initiation depends on the volume of water that has accumulated in the oral cavity during drinking. No support for this hypothesis was obtained when the flow rate of water through the drinking tube was manipulated. Alternative hypotheses are discussed.

No abstract