Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus isolated from flour mill wastes was found to produce extracellular amylase in shake flask cultures using sorghum as carbon source. Sorghum in mineral salts medium significantly supported a higher rate of amylase synthesis by the organism than soluble starch, giving peak amylase activity at the stationary phase. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme was 90°C and 5·0, respectively, with more than 50% enzyme activity retained at 100°C (30 min).
Bacillus subtilis or licheniformis facilitated production of 'soyiru' with the best results being given by using both together. Fermentation employing Streptococcus enterococcus was unsuccessful.
SUMMARYTwo highly phosphorylated guanosine derivatives accumulate in alkaline cultures of Anabaena cylindrica during the early stationary phase and in anaerobic, nitrogen-deprived cultures. The accumulation of these nucleotides is accompanied by the suppression of the normal accumulation of ppGpp and ppGppp, nucleotides which are effectors of the stringent response in bacteria. The accumulation of the two sets of nucleotides appears to be mutually exclusive. The accumulation of the guanosine derivatives during growth inhibition and their replacement of ppGpp and pppGpp suggests that the newly discovered guanine compounds may also fulfil a regulatory role.
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