Background: Children with cancer require special interventions and palliative care to improve their quality of life. The epidemiology of pediatric cancer is needed as a basis for determining health policy.
The Indonesian government has enforced several social restrictions to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus, such as closures of in-person schools, public areas, and playgrounds as well as reduced outdoor activities. These restrictions will affect mental health of school-age children and adolescents. The internet is chosen as one of the media to keep academic activities running, but excessive internet use will increase internet addiction and online gaming disorder. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and psychological impacts of internet addiction and online gaming disorder on children and adolescents globally during the pandemic. Systematic searches were carried out on the PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar search engines. All studies were assessed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 criteria and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Five studies met the criteria for assessing internet addiction and online gaming disorder cases in children and adolescents. Four studies discussed internet addiction, and one study addressed the negative impacts of online gaming on children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been an increase in internet use and online gaming disruption in children and adolescents in almost all parts of Asian and Australian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in a child with three symptoms, which include inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness that may persist into adulthood for some conditions. Parenting style is thought to be one part that determines the risk of ADHD in children. This study aims to analyse the relationship between parenting styles and the risk of ADHD in children. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, this study was conducted in Surabaya from November 2020 to January 2021. The respondents of the study were parents who had children at risk of ADHD with a total of 55 samples recruited using the purposive sampling technique. The questionnaires used are the demographic questionnaire, Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale (ACRS), and the Parenting Style Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (KPAA), which were filled out online by the respondents. The data were processed and analysed using the bivariate analysis test, Pearson’s chi-squared test, which has a significant value if the P-value < 0.05. Results: The majority of the parents used the authoritative style (94.5%). There was a significant relationship between parenting style and the risk of ADHD in children with P < 0.001 for authoritarian and permissive styles and P = 0.005 for an authoritative style. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parenting style and the risk of ADHD in children. This indicates the importance of early diagnosis of ADHD and treating the children with ADHD in the context of family environment, especially from parenting style.
Depression is a fundamental disorder characterized by mood swings of feelings or affects towards depression with or without accompanying anxiety? Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory condition in children. JIA is defined as the presence of objective signs of arthritis in at least one joint that lasts more than six weeks in children less than 16 years of age, and other types of arthritis in children have been removed. Children with JIA may also often experience depressive episodes and other psychosocial disorders during the disease. Affective disorders in childhood can predict the recurrence of depressive episodes. In the case report, a 7-year-old was consulted because he looked sad. The sadness has been felt for two months and has worsened since two weeks ago, originally due to JIA Patients can usually carry out daily activities as usual. Nowadays, the patient has no desire and gets tired quickly, especially when doing ordinary activities; difficulty feeling joy, feeling guilty, worrying that the pain will not heal, despairing of not wanting to go to school, and being unable to follow lessons because of weakness, unable to walk, unable to write because of pain and swelling in his hands.
Quality of life is an individual's perception of the position in which they live and concerning their goals, expectations, standards, and other matters of concern (WHOQOL Group, 1995). The decreasing mother's quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic could be one of the reasons for declining children's emotional and mental health. Based on Riskesdas 2020, the prevalence of children's emotional and behavioral disorders in Indonesia has highly increased by 9.6%. Mental disorders mostly begin in childhood. Thus, mental health issues need to be identified early and treated during a child's development. Therefore, improving maternal quality of life is immensely necessary for maintaining children's mental health. This study aims to analyze the correlation between maternal quality of life and children's emotional and behavioral disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research used analytic observational with a cross-sectional research design. This study was conducted at SDN Gayungan 1 Surabaya in April-May 2022 which the sample were 80 mothers of students in grades 1-6 for the academic year 2021-2022. The results of the study were tested with the spearman rho test which showed that most mothers had a moderate quality of life specifically 59 people (73.8%). Based on the strength and difficulty scale, most children had normal emotional mental health, specifically 68 people (85%) and 67 people (83.8%). Spearman's analysis showed p-value = 0.979 and 0.582 (p<0.05). In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between mother's quality of life and children's emotional and behavioral disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The condition of psychological stress experienced by the mother will affect the child's emotions and behaviour. Emotional and behavioral problems in children could continue to be serious disorders if they are not managed earlier. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the psychological stress of the mother and the emotional and behavioral problems of elementary school age children. This research used analytic observational research with a cross-sectional research design. The study population was students in grades I-VI at SD Negeri Surabaya and used total population sampling. The results of the study were tested with spearman's rho test, which showed that there was a relationship between the mother's psychological stress and the emotional and behavioral problems of elementary school-aged children p-value=0.022 (p<0.05) had a positive relationship. The higher the stress level experienced by the mother, the higher the level of emotional and behavioral problems experienced by the child.
Introduction: Burden experienced by mother can delayed the success of therapy to ASD children. This study aims to determine the correlation of psychosocial factors and caregiver burden in mothers with ASD children.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic study on mothers with ASD children at the Children's Daycare Dr.Soetomo General Hospital. The research instrument used sociodemographic questionnaire and a Caregiver Burden Assessment (CBA). Results: This study was followed by 26 mothers with ASD children. Results: The results showed that 50% of mothers experienced moderate burdens and 34% experienced severe burdens. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between caregiver burden and maternal age (p<0.05, r=0.316) and child age (p<0.05, r=0.274). Support and assistance from others in caring for GSA children also correlated with the mother's caregiver burden (p<0.05, r=0.118). Maternal caregiver burden is not correlated with marital status, education level, occupation, and economic status. Conclusion: Mothers with ASD children experience a psychological burden while caring for ASD children. Psychosocial support and assistance from the environment are urgently needed to reduce the caregiver burden on mothers so that they can improve the outcomes of interventions and therapy for children with ASD.
Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B raises serious concern due to its high morbidity, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality from 267 per 100,000 person-years. Up to now, medical therapy that successfully eradicates the hepatitis B virus is not available. Therapy is given in the long term for suppressing viral replication and disease progression. Nucleoside analog (NA) is a medication that is consumed orally once a day for years. Previous studies showed that patients who were treated with NA had a different quality of life (QoL) compared to naïve patients. This research aimed to analyze the QoL of chronic hepatitis B patients who consumed NA by comparing it with naïve patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Methods: Subjects were recruited consecutively from chronic hepatitis B patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya during 9 February – 31 May 2021. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, hepatitis B therapy history, and QoL were gained by using the SF-36 questionnaire and medical records. Subjects were divided into NA and naïve groups which responses underwent an analytical comparison. Results: NA group had significantly higher QoL in a physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS), with physical functioning (PF), role limitations due to physical health (RP), role limitations due to emotional problems (RM), energy/fatigue (VT), emotional well-being (MH), social functioning (SF), and general health perception (GH) subscales having p<0.05Conclusion: The QoL of patients who were treated with NA was significantly higher than that of naïve patients in terms of physical and mental components.
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