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This study aims to analyze the competence of vocational school teachers needed in Industry 4.0 based on the opinions of policymakers using a quantitative method (13 education policymakers). Identifying the priority competencies of vocational school teachers is an important issue because low teacher competence is a problem for vocational education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicated the priority of pedagogical competence, social competence, personality competence, and professional competence of vocational teachers. Vocational teacher pedagogic competencies that are very much needed are the ability to actualize potential as part of student development, the ability to understand students in-depth, and the ability to understand the character of students in physical, social, cultural, emotional, and intellectual aspects. In addition, vocational school teachers are expected to have the ability to design and evaluate learning. The needed social competencies for vocational school teachers are the ability to communicate efficiently, emphatically, and respectfully both oral and written communication skills, and the ability to communicate and improve themselves using ICT.

Augmented reality is a technology that integrates virtual content into real environments in the form of mobile and desktop. This technology has begun to be developed in various fields, even as a learning medium with various models. We are exploring augmented reality models that have been developed by reviewing several journals related to augmented reality. We have collected 100 journals from various data sources with augmented reality keywords. We select 41 journals and we find 5 augmented reality models, including 3D models, 3D simulations, 3D animations, video models, multimedia models. There are two types of augmented reality, using markers and without markers, for augmented reality using markers requires a marker as a trigger for the emergence of augmented reality objects into the real environment, while augmented reality without markers does not require markers to trigger the emergence of augmented reality into real environments.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the competence of vocational teachers needed in implementing the independent learning policy based on the opinions of teachers and lecturers. The research method uses quantitative methods on 356 teachers and lecturers. The results showed the priority of vocational teacher competency indicators from pedagogical competence, social competence, personality competence, and professional competence. The pedagogic competency indicator that is needed by vocational teachers is the ability to motivate students. An indicator of social competence that is needed by vocational teachers is having a polite and polite attitude. Personality competency indicators that are needed by vocational teachers are having an honest personality, and indicators of professional competence that are needed by vocational teachers are the ability to transfer knowledge and technology. Keywords: competence, competence of teachers, vocational teachers, independent learning, teachers, lecturers

Gender inequalities in careers has been an issue for a long time in many parts of the world. Even in the country with the best rates of gender equality in the world, gender inequalities persist across many professions. One of the career fields where there is a lot of gender inequality is science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), which in this field is still dominated by men. This study aims to discuss gender inequalities that occur in STEM careers in developing and developed countries. The method used is a systematic literature review using a number of relevant articles from various journals. After the screening process, a number of articles obtained were studied further. As a result, many women experience gender gaps or biases in STEM careers. These gaps occur mainly in developing countries, although the results are not very significant. The gaps are felt especially in women who already have children, because their productivity is considered to decrease when they become a mother. In addition to the difficulty of women to get promotions, inequality also occurs in the provision of wages, where women sometimes get lower wages than men.