Merkl R., Hrádková I., Filip V., Šmidrkal J. (2010): Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of phenolic acids alkyl esters. Czech J. Food Sci., 28: 275-279.Some phenolic acids alkyl esters (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and hexyl) and determine their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were prepared. The antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms escherichia coli DMF 7503, Bacillus cereus DMF 2001, listeria monocytogenes DMF 5776, Fusarium culmorum DMF 0103, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DMF 1017 was investigated and expressed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 1.2-20mM. The inhibitory activity of phenolic acids butyl esters was found to be higher than that of methyl esters (MIC below 1.25mM). The antioxidant activity of the selected phenolic acids alkyl esters was investigated by Rancimat method. The esters of 3,4-dihydroxyphenolic acids (protocatechuic and caffeic acids) exhibited higher antioxidant activities in comparison with the respective phenolic acids. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the case of caffeic alkyl esters.
Many of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs often have side effects at high doses and/or during long-term administration. Increased efficacy without increased toxicity is expected for combination therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the study was to examine the effect of N-feruloylserotonin (N-f-5HT) and methotrexate (MTX) in monotherapy and in combination therapy on disease progression and inflammation in arthritic rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of Mycobacterium butyricum in incomplete Freund's adjuvant in Lewis rats. The experiment included healthy animals, arthritic animals without any drug administration, arthritic animals with administration of N-f-5HT in the oral daily dose of 15 mg/kg b.w., arthritic animals with administration of MTX in the oral dose of 0.3 mg/kg b.w. twice a week and arthritic animals treated with the combination of N-f-5HT and MTX. N-f-5HT in monotherapy reduced only activation of NF-κB and did not have any significant effect on other parameters monitored. Low-dose treatment of MTX decreased the level of IL-1β and MCP-1 on day 14 and activation of NF-κB in liver without significant effect on other parameters. N-f-5HT and MTX combination showed both the anti-arthritic (hind paw volume and arthritic score) and anti-inflammatory effect (plasmatic levels of IL-1β, IL-17, MCP-1, CRP, and activation of NF-κB in liver). In combination with MTX, N-f-5HT markedly potentiated the therapeutic effect of MTX low dose, which resulted in significant improvement of all parameters measured. The findings showed that the combination therapy simultaneously decreased multiple markers of inflammation, a result crucial for future therapy of RA.
A novel hydrophilic analogue of parabens was synthetized and tested for its antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms in model system. This study confirms antimicrobial potential of 1-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-glycerol, which is comparable with other commercially used parabens. Unlike commercial parabens, it is possible to expect more significant antimicrobial activity of 1-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-glycerol in real emulsion systems due to the increased solubility of this substance in water phase and also the lower skin irritation.
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