A distributed system of protection and diagnostics of support structural elements of high-voltage power lines (HVPL) on 500 kV voltage was developed at Karaganda State technical university: -current monitoring of leakage currents of bunches of suspension insulators; -detection ice-rime depositions; -cathode protection of underground elements of support constructions; -information transfer from the sensors placed on supports on the control office on telemetric channels; -creation of the passport of each support on SCADA -system basis.The system contains set of local subsystems of protection, measurement, processing and information transfer on support, communication links and a subsystem processing and information storage on the control offices. Power supply of local subsystems is provided by the directed energy of electromagnetic fields. Detection of ice-rime deposits is carried out by the indirect methods based on the current monitoring of the support response of wind and ice loads and also temperatures and air humidity. Sensors information allows to control integral values of a leakage current of industrial frequency and surface currents of the partial discharges proceeding through strings of insulators and also to define the time-point optimum for drop-out ice-rime deposits. Radio modem and cellular communication with an automatic choice of the communication channels in the conditions of the powerful electromagnetic fields have a significant effect on an opportunity and transmission quality of information are used for transmission the telemetric information to the control office. Tests with the positive results of the experimental samples of all components of system are carried out on the operating line and in laboratories. The developed system is a basis for methods creation and technical solutions on lowering the losses of the electric power in case of its transportation on 110 and 220 kV HVPL.
The conditions of operation and the causes of failures in the operation of high-voltage overhead transmission lines are considered. The review of existing methods of monitoring the state of external insulation has been carried out and a method for monitoring the insulation state of high-voltage insulators under operating voltage has been proposed by measuring the leakage current. The review of methods of information transmission over GSM networks is carried out, the analysis of various methods of increasing noise immunity and reliability of received telemetry signals is made. A current sensor has been developed that allows wireless allotment of insulator leakage current values and the use of GSM networks. Experimental studies of the quality of telemetric information transmission from the supports in GSM networks using GPRS technology have been carried out.
Distributed system of protection and diagnostics of support structural elements of high-voltage power lines EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a substantial global health crisis, unparalleled in world history. Infection dynamics can have specific characteristics in different countries due to social, economic, climatic, or geographic factors. Aim: to study features of SARS-CoV-2 collective immunity among the Armenian population. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional, randomized study of collective immunity was carried out according to a program developed by Rospotrebnadzor and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. The study was approved by the ethics committees of the National Center for Infectious Diseases (Armenia) and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (Russia). A volunteer cohort was formed (N = 6057), randomized by age and region. The studys analysis included: shares and distributions of antibodies (Abs) to nucleocapsid (Nc) antigen (Ag) and receptor binding domain (RBD) S-1 Ag in the cohort; and quantitative determination of these Abs by ELISA. During the survey, a history of vaccination was indicated by 4395 people. Results. Overall seropositivity formed in the whole cohort (by April 14, 2022) was 98.6% (95% CI: 98.198.7). It did not depend on age, place of residence, or occupation. When quantifying Nc and RBD Abs, the proportions of volunteers with Nc Ab levels of 117 BAU/ml and RBD Ab levels of 22.6220 BAU/ml were the smallest, amounting to 6.9% (95% CI: 6.27.5) and 20.4% (95% CI: 19.421.4), respectively. With increasing serum concentrations (Nc 667 BAU/ml, RBD 450 BAU/ml), the proportions of individuals with the corresponding levels were 20.2% for Nc (95% CI: 19.221.3) and 54.2% for RBD (95% CI: 52.955.5). Vaccination coverage was 72.6% (95% CI: 71.573.7). The most frequently used were Sinopharm/BIBP (32.4%), AZD1222 (22.3%), and Gam-COVID-Vac (21%). The remaining vaccines (CoronaVac, mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, CoviVac) were used by 24.3% of vaccinated individuals. When summing vaccines by platform, it was found that: vector vaccines were used in 40.34% (95% CI: 33.5742.39) of cases; whole-virion vaccines were used in 26.83% (95% CI: 24.7632.20); and vector vaccines were used in 6.33% (95% CI: 4.848.91). Conclusion. The epidemic situation in Armenia by April 2022 was characterized by a high level of collective immunity, independent of age or regional factors. Vector and whole-virion vaccines have been used most widely.
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