Abstract. The Portuguese started in the sixteenth century, but the colonial system did encourage neither their growth nor the establishment of territories. The organization of regions where the grape and wine formed the economic dynamic is related to the nineteenth century colonization projects, especially Italians from 1875. These regions including the Serra Gaúcha of Rio Grande do Sul and other small areas. In the twentieth century, most of these regions have had important territorial transformations, however, viticulture elements remain in culture and regional identity. In recent years, the growing of vines expanded to other regions and also in other States. The cultivation of the vine and winemaking built a brand, both for the actors and for the regional society, whose viticultural landscape distinguishes and identifies regions, and the cultural expression of the grape and wine is present in numerous material and intangible elements. The material and the intangible cultural complex of the wine-growing regions are a diverse and dynamic heritage, more concentrated in Rio Grande do Sul, which contributes to the enhancement and preservation of cultural heritage and territorial wine in this State. The wine culture valued in the actions of patrimonialization depends on the importance that give them the actors involved.
The paper systematizes critical factors for the development of Geographical Indications, allowing to identify potentials of intervention in order to support GIs' structuring and consolidation, to prospect new ones and to compare GIs from different regions or products. Despite the importance of the GIs, there is a relative consensus among experts that its success is related to factors ranging from actor engagement and governance to institutional support and public policy. Twenty critical factors were selected, classified into five dimensions: environmental, economic, social, political-institutional and territorial. The factors were evaluated and validated by ten experts regarding their pertinence and relation with sustainability, innovation and competitiveness. The evaluation of the experts validated the 20 factors, considering more significant those linked to the territorial and political-institutional dimensions. Environmental factors were considered important but not essential; however, the process of consolidation of GIs has the potential to improve performance in this direction. Also, the evaluation allowed to relate the main factors in terms of innovation, competitiveness and sustainability for GIs' structuring and management. The application of the scale allows assessing different regions, indicating opportunities and barriers for their development.
Even without detailing, by INPI, the elements that must be in the specification document, the GI already recognized include, among others: delimited geographical area; varieties of Vitis vinifera authorized; grape production in the delimited area; training systems; maximum productivity; quality of grapes for wine making; authorized wines; oenological practices; physicochemical characteristics for each type of wine and mandatory sensory analysis; elaboration, aging and bottling in the delimited area; labeling standards. In addition, for each GI there is a specific plan of control. It is possible to observe that the specifications for Brazilian GI of wines have some similarity to those adopted in the European Community, and are more specific and demanding than most of the existing GI in the New World.
Abstract.Relationships between Burgundy and Brazilian wine production are diverse, such as, the use of emblematic vine varieties or the fraternities and the wine tourism routes. The aim of this paper is to analyze how Brazilian experts and broad public perceive Burgundy, in order to identify influences of the Burgundy region in the Brazilian wine industry. The presence and the influence of Burgundy in the Brazilian wine industry were analyzed from an exploratory study based on the perception of experts was made using an electronic structured questionnaire, and publications available to the general public, observed from sites and blogs on the Internet using Google search, with two keywords in Portuguese and French: "Borgonha", "vinho + Borgonha", "Bourgogne" et "vin + Bourgogne". The results were analyzed and organized and it can be observed that, even in different historical and environmental contexts, Burgundy is present in the wine production of Brazil, as a territory of reference and inspiration.
As ocupações irregulares são um problema urbano que afetam a ordem socioambiental de cidades ao redor do mundo. Essa questão é ainda pior quando ocorre em áreas ambientalmente vulneráveis que devem ser protegidas, como as bacias hidrográficas destinadas à captação de água para consumo. Para que se possa intervir nesse problema é preciso conhecer a dinâmica da ocupação do espaço a ser preservado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os principais pontos de expansão da urbanização na bacia de captação do Arroio Faxinal, no município de Caxias do Sul, bem como caracterizar a ocupação irregular no seu interior. Nas áreas dos loteamentos irregulares, realizou-se o levantamento de informações de uma amostra da população, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada; bem como o mapeamento da ocupação por meio da evolução do uso e cobertura do solo usando imagens de satélite. As informações obtidas no levantamento formaram um banco de dados, cujas respostas foram analisadas estatisticamente. Entre os resultados, ficou evidenciado que há loteamentos de segunda residência, cujos moradores escolheram para lazer, mas a maioria da população é de baixa renda e vive no local por falta de opção. Ainda, grande parte das ocupações irregulares cresceu sobre Áreas de Preservação Permanente, o que colabora para a degradação dos recursos hídricos superficiais da bacia e reduz a segurança hídrica no abastecimento público. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas para minimizar os impactos e manter a sustentabilidade ambiental da região.
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