In cultivating field crops, the variability of quantitative characteristics is undoubtedly caused by growing conditions and "genotype × environment" interaction. Combined approach to the consideration of this issue showed that the growth of potential productivity of agricultural crops due to selection and cultivation technology adversely affects the resistance of new varieties and hybrids to the influence of abiotic and biotic stresses. This article describes the problem of adapting perennial ryegrass varieties to the conditions of the Udmurt Republic which is one of the reserves of highquality fodder. These studies were performed on sodstrongly podzolic heavyloam soil. The plowing layer of experimental plots had from low (2.1%) to medium (2.6%) humus content, medium (100-101 mg/kg) mobile phosphorus content, from medium (101 mg/kg) to elevated (170 mg/kg) level of mobile potassium. Exchangeable acidity was from medium-acid (рНКСl = 5.0) to close to neutral (рНКСl = 5.6). Results of this research showed that over four years the highest dry matter yield of 3.5 t/ha was formed on average by Malysh variety. The varieties Malysh and Agatboth of Russian selectionwere characterized by high winter hardiness (88.0-89.3%), a slight variability in characteristics was noted for these varieties (variation coefficient 6.9-7.3%) what speaks for their stability. The combination of ecological flexibility (bi = 1.13) and phenotypic stability (S2d = 0.10) of Malysh variety reveals its high adaptive properties.
This article considers one of the approaches to solving the problem of improving the efficiency of the functioning of unmanned open pit transport. The actual data on the movements of robotic dump trucks within the framework of a continuous transport and technological cycle at one of mining sites of a coal mine are analyzed.During the study, the movement times in the loaded and empty states are recorded. In addition, the time of passing by dump trucks of individual sections of the transport route is monitored, in order to empirically determine the speed reserves for each robot. As a result, several options have been obtained to increase the target performance of an autonomous dump truck by changing the speed modes of movement in certain sections. One of the variants is presented in the paper as an illustrative example. The paper also briefly discusses possible approaches to formalizing the procedure for determining the optimal driving modes of robotic dump trucks, depending on the terrain and features of the route as well as the roadbed condition.
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