Agroecological assessment of perennial ryegrass varieties in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

Abstract

In cultivating field crops, the variability of quantitative characteristics is undoubtedly caused by growing conditions and "genotype × environment" interaction. Combined approach to the consideration of this issue showed that the growth of potential productivity of agricultural crops due to selection and cultivation technology adversely affects the resistance of new varieties and hybrids to the influence of abiotic and biotic stresses. This article describes the problem of adapting perennial ryegrass varieties to the conditions of the Udmurt Republic which is one of the reserves of highquality fodder. These studies were performed on sodstrongly podzolic heavyloam soil. The plowing layer of experimental plots had from low (2.1%) to medium (2.6%) humus content, medium (100-101 mg/kg) mobile phosphorus content, from medium (101 mg/kg) to elevated (170 mg/kg) level of mobile potassium. Exchangeable acidity was from medium-acid (рНКСl = 5.0) to close to neutral (рНКСl = 5.6). Results of this research showed that over four years the highest dry matter yield of 3.5 t/ha was formed on average by Malysh variety. The varieties Malysh and Agatboth of Russian selectionwere characterized by high winter hardiness (88.0-89.3%), a slight variability in characteristics was noted for these varieties (variation coefficient 6.9-7.3%) what speaks for their stability. The combination of ecological flexibility (bi = 1.13) and phenotypic stability (S2d = 0.10) of Malysh variety reveals its high adaptive properties.

Influence of presowing seed treatment on the yield of variegated alfalfa and eastern galega

“…The agricultural production in the Udmurt Republic is focused on livestock breeding (3,4) and a significant role in creating a solid forage base belongs to perennial herbs, the long growing season of which allows using them for hay and haylage, and for pasturing (5)(6)(7). The high productivity of perennial herbs and their conformity with the physiological needs of various animal species successfully combine with several valuable economic qualities: the high adaptability, the ability to thoroughly and rationally use the growing conditions, and the high resource-saving ability.…”