Productivization of field crops providing farm feed in total demand is at the forefront of agroindustrial complex. Seed preparation of eastern galega is underexplored and is meant to be a deep bench for achieving a goal. The research aim is the study of effectiveness of pre- sowing seed treatments of eastern galega during cultivation on feeding aims. The research was conducted sod- podzol average clay-loam soil laced with humus of 2,3-2,9 %, mobile phosphorus 232-282 mg/kg of soil, mobile potassium 109-252 mg/kg of soil. Exchange soil acidity is subacidic and close to circumneutral (рН = 5,3-5,9). Experimental scheme included the following variants: 1) without dressing (control), 2) scarification, 3) molybdene- acidic ammonium (300 g/t), 4) scarification + molybdene- acidic ammonium (300 g/t), 5) bacterial preparation Rizotrophin (1 l/t), 6) scarification + bacterial preparation Rizotrophin (1 l/t), 7) plant regulator НВ-101 (1 ml/t), 8) scarification + plant regulator НВ-101 (1 ml/t), 9) multiple nutrient fertilizer Agree`s «Forsage» (1,2 l/t), 10) scarification + multiple nutrient fertilizer Agree`s «Forsage» (1,2 l/t). With the help of research by an average 3 years it was found that pre-sowing seed treatment by plant growth regulators НВ-101 and multiple nutrient fertilizer Agree’s Forsage separately and together with scarification provided with the highest field emergence of seeds 47-51 %. It is proved that overwintering raise of eastern galega for 8-12 % in applying Rizotrophin, plant growth regulators НВ-101 and multiple nutrient fertilizer Agree’s Forsage and them together with scarification. Inclusion into cultivation technology of eastern galega the pre-sowing seed treatment by bacterial preparation Rizotrophin, by plant growth regulator НВ-101, by multiple nutrient fertilizer Agree’s Forsage together with scarification raise the productivity for 1,6-3,7 t/ha or for 15-47 % at the expense of quantity and mass input of nodule in the bud of eastern galega .
In cultivating field crops, the variability of quantitative characteristics is undoubtedly caused by growing conditions and "genotype × environment" interaction. Combined approach to the consideration of this issue showed that the growth of potential productivity of agricultural crops due to selection and cultivation technology adversely affects the resistance of new varieties and hybrids to the influence of abiotic and biotic stresses. This article describes the problem of adapting perennial ryegrass varieties to the conditions of the Udmurt Republic which is one of the reserves of highquality fodder. These studies were performed on sodstrongly podzolic heavyloam soil. The plowing layer of experimental plots had from low (2.1%) to medium (2.6%) humus content, medium (100-101 mg/kg) mobile phosphorus content, from medium (101 mg/kg) to elevated (170 mg/kg) level of mobile potassium. Exchangeable acidity was from medium-acid (рНКСl = 5.0) to close to neutral (рНКСl = 5.6). Results of this research showed that over four years the highest dry matter yield of 3.5 t/ha was formed on average by Malysh variety. The varieties Malysh and Agatboth of Russian selectionwere characterized by high winter hardiness (88.0-89.3%), a slight variability in characteristics was noted for these varieties (variation coefficient 6.9-7.3%) what speaks for their stability. The combination of ecological flexibility (bi = 1.13) and phenotypic stability (S2d = 0.10) of Malysh variety reveals its high adaptive properties.
Asynchronous electric drives hold leading positions in the global structure of electricity consumption. That’s why the development and implementation of an energy-efficient asynchronous electric drive are always economically feasible and important. The aim of this article is to develop an algorithm to minimize losses of asynchronous electric drive power. The article offers methods to optimize the level of losses in the winding of an electric motor, powered in a steady-state mode by a frequency converter with a scalar control. The substitution scheme for an asynchronous electric drive is considered as a consistent set of conductivities for the stator and rotor wirings. The research tasks were solved based on theoretical and experimental methods, including mathematical and physical simulation of studied processes using modern measuring and computation devices as well as statistic treatment of experimental data. The article offers methods to minimize the losses of power in the winding of an electric motor, powered in a steady-state mode by a frequency converter with a scalar control. The offered method is significantly different in that it uses the substitution for an asynchronous electric drive expressed as a consistent set of conductivities for the stator and motor wirings and the use of the energy efficiency ratio which determines the losses of power in an asynchronous drive for assessing the efficiency of a drive. The main principle for optimal frequency control of an asynchronous engine in terms of energy efficiency was formulated. The laboratory bench for studying the modes of frequency-controlled electric drives was built. The tested drive AIR100S4 showed an increase in energy efficiency ratio from 0.59 to 0.67.
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in modern fodder production is one of the valuable fodder plants for pasture and hay use. An important condition for the formation of herbage is to ensure the friendliness of seedlings and the safety of plants, which is achieved through the preparation of seeds before sowing and the optimal feeding area, by determining the seeding rate of crops. The aim of the research is the formation of perennial ryegrass agrocenosis, which ensures a high production process of plants in the conditions of the Middle Urals. Studies on the study of pre-sowing seed treatment and the seeding rate of perennial ryegrass were carried out in 2019-2022. in UNPK-Agrotechnopark FSBEIHE Izhevsk SAA on soddy medium podzolic medium loamy soil. According to the content of humus, soils of medium degree of cultivation with slightly acidic acidity. The content of mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium is very high. Growing seasons 2019-2020, 2022 were characterized by moderately humid warm weather with a hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of 0.9-1.5, in 2021 the HTC was < 1, there was a lack of moisture for plants. Studies have found that on average for 2020-2022. The highest yield of green mass of perennial ryegrass of the 2nd life of 15.5-15.6 t/ha was formed during pre-sowing treatment with complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage. On average, according to the experiment, the highest productivity of 14.8 t/ha was obtained when sowing 6 million. Correlation analysis of the yield of green mass with photosynthetic potential and with net productivity of photosynthesis made it possible to establish a direct average relationship (r = 0.45 and r = 0.56, respectively). The highest index of leafiness of perennial ryegrass plants (65.6%) was noted in the variant with Agree's Forsage seed treatment and sowing at a rate of 6 million tons. Keywords: PASTURE RYEGRASS, PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT, SEEDING RATE, FOLIAGE, PHOTOSYNTHETIC POTENTIAL, NET PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY
Разработка приёмов повышения кормовой продуктивности люцерны изменчивой для обеспечения стабильной кормовой базы интенсивного молочного скотоводства в Удмуртской Республике является актуальной задачей. Предпосевная обработка семян — простой и малозатратный приём, повышающий продуктивность культур за счёт оптимизации минерального питания растений в начале их роста и развития. Целью работы было определение эффективности предпосевной обработки семян и влияния покровной культуры в технологии возделывания люцерны изменчивой. Исследования проводили в 2017–2019 годах на опытном поле АО «Учхоз Июльское ИжГСХА» на дерново-подзолистой среднесуглинистой почве со следующей агрохимической характеристикой пахотного слоя: среднее и повышенное содержание гумуса (2,3–2,8%); очень высокое содержание подвижного фосфора (265–284 мг/кг почвы), повышенное и очень высокое содержание подвижного калия (171–252 мг/кг почвы), обменная кислотность почвы слабая (рН — 5,3–5,5). Схема опыта включала беспокровный посев и посев под однолетние травы на зелёный корм и яровую пшеницу. Предпосевная подготовка семян заключалась в обработке молибденовокислым аммонием (300 г/т), бактериальным препаратом «Ризоторфин» (0,5 л/т), регулятором роста растений НВ-101 (1 мл/т), комплексным удобрением Agree`s «Форсаж» (1,2 л/т). Наибольший сбор сухого вещества получен при посеве люцерны изменчивой под покров однолетних трав на зелёный корм. Исследованиями установлена эффективность предпосевной обработки семян микроудобрением, бактериальным удобрением и регулятором роста растений. К концу вегетации первого года жизни количество клубеньков на корнях люцерны изменчивой колебалось от 9 до 31 шт. на растении, при этом в контрольном варианте их было 9–16 шт., в изучаемых вариантах — 17–23 шт. на растении. При предпосевной обработке семян в первый год пользования за два укоса сбор сухого вещества увеличился на 1,06–2,71 т/га, или на 14–34%, во второй год пользования — на 1,35–3,45 т/га, или на 13–33%, относительно продуктивности посевов без обработки семян. Optimization of alfalfa production for cattle feeding is of high interest in the Udmurt Republic. Seed treatment prior to planting is a simple and low-cost procedure that improves plant mineral nutrition in the beginning of its life cycle and increases its productivity. The investigation aimed at testing the effectiveness of seed treatment and cover crop when growing bastard alfalfa. Soil — sod-podzolic, medium clay content, medium and high humus content (2.3–2.8%), high concentrations of soluble phosphorus (265–284 mg/kg) and potassium (171–252 mg/kg), рН — 5.3–5.5. Annual grasses for green fodder and spring wheat performed as cover crops. Alfalfa seeds were treated with ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (300 g/t), “Rizotorfin” bacterial preparation (0.5 l/t), NV-101 growth regulator (1 ml/t), Agree`s “Forsazh” complex fertilizer (1.2 l/t). Seeding alfalfa with annual grasses provided the highest yield of dry matter (DM). Microfertilizer, bacterial preparation and growth regulator had positive effect on alfalfa. By the end of the first life cycle alfalfa root nodule number varied within 9–31 pcs/plant, in the control variant — 9–16 pcs/plant, in the experimental variants — 17–23 pcs/plant. In the first year seed treatment increased DM yield by 1.06–2.71 t ha-1 (14–34%) for two cuts, in the second one — by 1.35–3.45 t ha-1 (13–33%).
In modern conditions, the improvement of technological methods in bee-farming significantly affects the production of bee-farming products. The concordance of technological operations of keeping bee families to climatic conditions of a particular region largely determines the production activity effectiveness of a beekeeper. Temperature differences in winter negatively affect the condition of bee families; humidity and excess condensate are accumulated in hives. The use of “zeolite” desiccant in winter allows improving microclimate inside the hive, contributing to more intensive development of bee families in spring and increasing marketable honey productivity due to its unique highly porous structure. Field studies were conducted during 2014-2016. Four groups of bee families were selected using the pair-analogue method in the course of the research: control group (without desiccant) and ex-perimental groups № 1, № 2, № 3 where in winter, the desiccant was placed at the hive bottom in the amount of 100, 150, 200 g, respectively.
Оптимизация питания кукурузы, в том числе применение подкормок, является рычагом повышения её кормовой продуктивности. Целью исследований было выявление эффективности фолиарной обработки посевов кукурузы комплексными и микробиологическими препаратами при возделывании её на кормовые цели. Исследования по изучению эффективности фолиарной обработки посевов кукурузы проведены по общепринятой методике в СХПК им. Мичурина в Вавожском районе Удмуртской Республики. Полевые опыты закладывали на дерново-среднеподзолистой среднесуглинистой почве с повышенным содержанием гумуса (2,6–3,0%), с близкой к нейтральной и нейтральной обменной кислотностью (рН — 5,6–6,4), очень высоким (более 250 мг/кг) содержанием подвижного фосфора и калия. Схема опыта включала обработку комплексными удобрениями Agree`s «Аминовит», Agree`s «Азот», Agree`s «АзотКалий», Agree`s «Магний», Agree`s «Цинк» и их применение совместно с микробиологическими препаратами «Азотовит» и «Фосфатовит» с расходом рабочего раствора 200 л/га. В среднем за 2016–2018 годы фолиарная подкормка посевов кукурузы способствовала увеличению площади листовой поверхности в фазе вымётывания на 0,7–2,4 тыс. м2/га, в фазе цветения — на 0,3–3,2 тыс. м2/га, в фазе молочно-восковой спелости зерна — на 0,5–3,5 тыс. м2/га. Эффективность фолиарной обработки посевов кукурузы проявилась в увеличении площади листьев в течение вегетационного периода и повышении кормовой продуктивности, о чём свидетельствует прямая средняя и сильная корреляционная связь (r = 0,65–0,79) с урожайностью сухого вещества. В среднем за 3 года исследований наибольший эффект получен от фолиарной обработки посевов в виде повышения сбора сухого вещества на 1,4–4,9 т/га. Совместное применение микробиологических удобрений «Азотовит» и «Фосфатовит» с комплексными удобрениями Agree`s «Азот» или Agree`s «АзотКалий» обусловило формирование наибольшей продуктивности — 16,3–16,7 т/га. Optimal maize nutrition, including topdressing, is a key to increase crop productivity. The research focused on the effect of foliar treatment by complex and microbial fertilizers on maize performance. Experiments were carried out in accordance with the standard methods at the Agricultural Production Cooperative n. a. Michurin. Sod-podzolic soil had medium clay content and was rich in soluble phosphorus and potassium (over 250 mg/kg), humus concentration — 2.6–3.0%, рН — 5.6–6.4. Complex fertilizers (Agree`s “Aminovit”, Agree`s “Azot”, Agree`s “AzotKaliy”, Agree`s “Magniy”, Agree`s “Tsink”) were applied together with the “Azotovit” and “Fosfatovit” microbial preparations at the rate of 200 l h-1. Maize topdressing increased leaf area by 0.7–2.4 thousand m2 ha-1 at the ear formation stage, 0.3–3.2 thousand m2 ha-1 — at the flowering stage, 0.5–3.5 thousand m2 ha-1 — at the milk-wax stage for 2016–2018. Foliar feeding led to the increase in leaf area and productivity during a growing season positively affecting dry matter (DM) yield (r = 0.65–0.79). Foliar fertilization resulted in DM increase of 1.4–4.9 t ha-1 for 3 years. Combination of “Azotovit” and “Fosfatovit” with Agree`s “Azot” or Agree`s “AzotKaliy” provided the highest productivity — 16.3–16.7 t ha-1.
The article presents data on the study of the formation of the seed yield of spring oil crops in the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals. The work is based on the results of a two-factor microfield experiment, where factor A - crops - rape and camelina, factor B - varieties of crops - rape Accord and Podmoskovny, camelina Veles and Yubilyar. The relevance of the study is related to the growing interest in oil crops. The research methodology is generally accepted in agronomy. Camelina was characterized by a faster rate of development, its growing season was 89-109 days, rape - 109-147 days. Morphological and biological features of crops were revealed – a large height of rape plants, their damage by blossom weevil and diamondback moth and the associated lower (50%) survival rate of plants during vegetation; lower seed content (by 44 pcs.) and the formation of smaller seeds (the weight of 1000 seeds was 2.08 g inferior to the same indicator of rape) in camelina. With such a yield structure, camelina had an advantage of 18 g/m2. The crops did not differ in the content of crude protein and fat in the seeds.
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