Traditional support policies for green energy have greatly contributed to the rise in prosumer numbers.However, it is believed that they will soon start to exert negative impact on stakeholders and on the grid. Policy makers advise to phase out two of the most widely applied policies -net metering and feed-in tariff, in favor of support policies that scale better with rising renewable generation. This work quantifies the impact of these traditional policies in future "what-if" scenarios and confirms the need for their replacement. Based on simulations with real data, we compare net metering and feed-in tariff to four state-of-the-art marketbased mechanisms, which involve auction, negotiation and bitcoin-like currency. The paper examines the extent to which each of these mechanisms motivates not only green energy production but also its consumption. The properties and characteristics of the above mechanisms are evaluated from the perspective of key stakeholders in the low voltage grid -prosumers, consumers and energy providers. The outcome of this study sheds light on current and future issues that are relevant for policy makers in the evolving landscape of the smart grid.
Enterprises increasingly jointly participate in service value webs. They do so because enterprises can then offer services they could not offer on their own. In earlier work, we have developed the e 3 value methodology to conceptually model such networks, as a design task. This paper proposes an approach to semi-automatically generate such service value networks based on service profiles and a stated consumer need. To this end, we apply skeleton design and hierarchical configuration techniques. The configuration process is illustrated by a case study in the field of intellectual property right clearing.
Commercial services are of utmost importance for the economy. Due to the widespread use of information and communication technologies, many of these services may be delivered online by means of service value networks. To automate this delivery, however, issues such as composition, integration, and operationalization need to be addressed. In this paper, the authors share their long-term vision on composition of service value networks and describe relationships with fields such as cloud computing and enterprise computing. As a demonstration of the state of the art, capabilities and limitations of e 3 service are described and research challenges are defined.
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