This paper analyzes macro-determinants of negative attitudes toward homosexuality in 31 European societies. Using the European Values Study (EVS) 1999/2000, carried out on national probability samples, we tested the effects of tradition, modernization, and postmodernization on homonegativity. According to the findings, social distance toward homosexual persons was predicted by Eastern Orthodox religion, a greater degree of urbanization, economic development, and immigration. Disapproval of homosexuality was found associated with economic development and urbanization, while immigration had borderline significance. Although the analyses pointed to the central role of the modernization processes in increasing social acceptance of homosexuality in European societies, persisting religious traditions and more recent immigration waves limit the effect of modernization.

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Kolegice Danijela Dolenec i Daniela Širinić u nedavno su objavljenom radu Još uvijek teorijska fantazija: egalitarni sindrom Josipa Županova (Dolenec i Širinić, 2018) izložile sustavnu kritiku teorijskih pretpostavki i empirijskih rezultata naših pokušaja operacionalizacije (usp. Štulhofer i Burić, 2015; Burić i Štulhofer, 2016; Vuković, Štulhofer i Burić, 2017; Rimac, Burić i Štulhofer, 2017) i revitalizacije teorije egalitarnog sindroma (TES) 1 Josipa Županova (1923. -2004.) (Županov, 1970). U ovom kratkom osvrtu sažeto predstavljamo prigovore na teze i tumačenja koja nam se čine nedovoljno promišljenim ili problematičnim u tekstu Dolenec i Širinić. Kako bismo, u mjeri u kojoj je to izvedivo, zauzdali subjektivnost, nastojali smo čitati njihov rad kao recenzenti, dakle onako kao što su ga, pretpostavljamo, čitali anonimni recenzenti časopisa u kojem je objavljen. 2 Da su upozorili autorice na niže navedena mjesta, njihov bi rad, vjerujemo, imao veću težinu -osobito za one za koje egalitarni sindrom nije primarno ideološko pitanje.Krećemo od onoga u čemu recenzenti nisu pogriješili. Rad kolegica Dolenec i Širinić važan je prilog diskusiji o relevantnosti bavljenja egalitarnim sindromom. 1 U nastavku teksta, kao i u citatima iz Dolenec i Širinić (2018), za teoriju egalitarnog sindroma koristimo kraticu TES. 2 S obzirom na to da je rukopis objavljen kao izvorni znanstveni rad, a ne pismo uredniku ili polemički odgovor, nužno je prošao postupak recenzije.

Since the causes and dynamics of the unofficial economy are inseparable from the sociocultural dimension, the authors analyze the dynamics of opportunism and (dis)trust in institutions in Croatia during the last half of the nineties. The analyses carried out are based on work in which the first author provided a theoretical conceptualization of the socio-cultural dimension of the unofficial economy (Štulhofer, 1997). Measurement of the dynamics of opportunism and (dis)trust in institutions was carried out on data collected in the World Values Study -Croatia 1995 (N = 1170) and the European Values Study -Croatia 1999 (N = 1003). The results point out that in the observed period the level of opportunism decreased, with respect to both the intensity and to the distribution. Interestingly, there has been no change in the age structure of opportunism (the youngest age cohort is still the most opportunistic). Unlike opportunism, with which it is positively correlated, distrust in institutions has increased, particularly in the youngest age cohort. Considering the theoretical model, in which the level of opportunism reflects the moral costs related to participation in the underground economy, the decrease in the level of opportunism and economic growth in the post-war period suggest a moderate reduction in the underground economy in Croatia during the second half of the nineties.