Adsorpsi Remazol Brilliant Blue R oleh adsorben ampas singkong telah dilakukan. Adsorpsi dilakukan dengan metode batch pada variasi pH 1-10 dan waktu kontak 5-90 menit. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kondisi optimum adsorpsi terjadi pada pH 1 dan waktu kontak selama 45 menit dengan konsentrasi awal 200 mg/L. Sehingga diperoleh kapasitas adsorpsi optimum sebesar 16,878 mg/g dan persentase adsorpsi 87,413 %.
Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) has been derived from different marine sources such as squid pen, shrimp, mussel, and crab shells. Chitosan was obtained by deacetylation of chitin. Degradation of chitosan by hydrogen peroxide would produce WSC. Demineralization process was optimized by varying incubation time and temperature to minimize the mineral content in chitin. WSC that obtained was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to calculate the deacetylation degree. Deacetylation degree of WSC was also studied by titrimetric method. The ash content of chitin from marine sources was measured to obtain the optimum demineralization incubation time. The optimum incubation time for demineralization process was 12 hours and stirred at 50 rpm. Recovery and deacetylation degree of WSC were found to be varied and depended on the source of WSC. Each sample of WSC from shrimp shell, mussel shell, squid pen and crab shell has the degree of deacetylation of 64.18%, 35.03%, 58.04% and 53.91% respectively. The presence of amine group was confirmed from FTIR spectra ofsynthesized WSC.
Production of biodiesel from crude nyamplung oil (Calophyllum inophyllum) have been done by transesterification using Al-MCM-41 catalyst. Al-MCM-41 catalyst was obtained from impregnation of MCM-41 by Al. Sodium aluminate was added to MCM-41 until pH 11.5. The mixture was heated until 110 °C for 5 days. The calcination was performed at 500 °C, and then cooled at room temperature. The Al-MCM-41 obtained was characterized using SAXRD. Morphology of the surface was analyzed using SEM. The metals content were measured using XPS. Performance of Al-MCM-41 to adsorp and desorp nitrogen was also monitored by GSA using BET model. Acidity of the Al-MCM-41 was analyzed by FTIR using absorption of pyridine. The catalytic activity was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chromatogram shows that conversion Nyamplung seed oil to biodiesel is 98.15%. The performance of biodiesel obtained was analyzed by use it to diesel engine. The biodiesel obtained was mixed with commercial diesel fuel in various volume ratios (i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30 and 100%) before used. Viscosity, flash point, boiling point, cloud point, and pour point of the mixtures were characterized. These measuring properties increase with the increase of biodiesel concentration. Optimum engine power was achieved by 10% biodiesel. The mixture of 10% biodiesel has similar characteristic to commercial diesel fuel at load until 1800 watt.
The production of hydrocarbon (C7-C20) and alcohol (C11-C19) from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) compound are produced from the transesterification of the seed oil of the Nyamplung that has been conducted by the catalytic hydrocracking using Al-MCM-41 and Pd 2+ -impregnated-Al-MCM-41 catalysts. The performance of catalysts were compared by various analysis including the acidity that was determined by pyridine and FTIR, the crystal structure observed by XRD, the surface area and pore volume analyzed by BET/BJH, the surface morphology observed by TEM, the metal on the surface of catalyst observed by XPS and the product of the hydrocracking analyzed by GC-MS. Hexagonal structure of the MCM-41(100) was shown in the 2θ = 3 o -5 o of the diffractogram. The presence of impregnated Al and Pd observed at the 2θ = 20 o and 34 o , respectively. The Pd/Al-MCM-41 catalyst was more acidic than Al-MCM-41 catalyst. The surface area and pore volume of the catalyst decreased after the impregnation process. The tendency of catalytic hydrocracking of hydrocarbon produced was indicated that more amount of Palladium have more hydrocarbons aliphatic than alcohol.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.