This report drew on a larger study which was to describe and understand the sources of senior high school students' English language speaking anxiety at senior high schools in Jambi, Indonesia. The purpose of this paper was to report some findings from the qualitative interview data on the sources of senior high school students' English language speaking anxiety at one senior high school in Jambi, Indonesia. Data were collected through demographic profiles and semi-structured interviews with senior high school students. The demographic data were analysed descriptively while the interview data were transcribed and analysed line by line to generate and develop codes and themes. An analysis of the interview data revealed that five major themes were related to students' English language speaking anxiety, including (1) low speaking skill due to lack of vocabulary and grammar, (2) fear of negative responses from others, (3) low self-esteem to speak in English, (4) fear of being evaluated by teachers, and (5) cultural influences to speak English due to a more teacher-centred style. Suggestions and policy implications are also discussed.

Sutarno, Setyawan AD. 2016. The diversity of local cattle in Indonesia and the efforts to develop superior indigenous cattle breeds. Biodiversitas 16: 275-295. Cattle breeding are regarded indigenous to Indonesia. In the country, there are three types of cattle breeds: zebu (Bos indicus), Bali cattle (Bos javanicus), and taurine (Bos taurus). These breeds are farmed for their meat, milk, leather, and their power for agricultural work. Zebu was introduced by the Indians in the beginning of the first century. Bali cattle are indigenous breeds that have been domesticated from wild bantengs (Bos javanicus) in Java and Bali for hundreds of years. Several breeds of taurine were imported in early eighteenth century to be used as dairy cattle. Zebu and taurine are the major cattle breeds of the world; whereas in Indonesia, the major cattle breeds are Bali cattle, Ongole crossbred, and Madura cattle, which is a crossbred of the former two. Primary breeding between species in the genus Bos will result in sterile male and fertile female offspring. However, secondary breeding with a crossbred female will result in fertile offspring. In Indonesia, there are several local cattle breeds of zebu that have adapted to the local condition, for example Ongole crossbred, Aceh cattle, Pesisir cattle, Sumba Ongole, and, the less commonly found, Galekan cattle of Trenggalek. In addition, there are many hybrids between zebu and Bali cattle such as Madura cattle, Jabres cattle of Brebes, Rancah cattle of Ciamis, and Rambon cattle of Bondowoso, Banyuwangi, and the surrounding areas. A crossbreeding of zebu and taurine produces Grati dairy cattle. In 1970s, an Artificial Insemination program was conducted in a large scale using male cattle and semen from several breeds of zebu (Brahman, Brahman Cross) and taurine (particularly Simmental, Limousin, Holstein Friesians). The program resulted in more complex genetic mixes. Crossbreeding conducted directly in the field causes a concern since it may threaten the purity of the native species and decrease the cattle's potential for adaptation, reproduction, and productivity. It is better to conduct crossbreeding programs privately in research centers or corporate/large farmers, of which the result can be distributed to smaller farms. "Ongolization" program that was introduced in the early twentieth century should be a lesson to learn, because it had led to the extinction of Javanese cattle, while the produced offspring, the Ongole Crossbred, are considered unsatisfactory so that they still have to be crossbred with other species of cattle, particularly taurine.

Sutarno, Setyawan AD. 2015. Genetic diversity of local and exotic cattle and their crossbreeding impact on the quality of Indonesian cattle. Biodiversita16: 327-354.Several species of cattle had been domesticated around the world, but only two species werefarmed extensively, zebu cattle (Bos indicus) of the tropics and taurine cattle (Bos taurus) of the subtropical areas. Both of them hadhundreds variety of offspring in the worlds. The third species of cattle that most widely farmed was Bali cattle (Bos javanicus), anindigenous cattle from Indonesia that was domesticated from wild banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus). Besides Bali cattle, Indonesia hadalso some local cattle as direct descendants of or as Crossbreeds of those three cattle. These cattle had been adapted to climaticconditions, feeds and diseases in Indonesia. Local zebu cattle that relatively pure were Peranakan Ongole (PO) or Ongole breeds andSumba Ongole (SO). The main Crossbreed between zebu and Bali cattle was Madura cattle. The other well-known cattle of this wereAceh cattle, Pesisir cattle, Rancah cattle, Jabres cattle, Galekan cattle and Rambon cattle. Crossbreeds of taurine and zebu cattlegenerally produced calf that declining reproductive ability in generations. One fairly successful was Grati cattle or Holstein FreisianIndonesia (FHI) which was a crossbreed of Holstein Friesian and PO cattle. In recent decades, there were many crossbreed activitiesthrough artificial insemination between local cattle and taurine cattle to produce excellent beef cattle, mainly Simmental and Limousin.This activity was carried out widely and evenly distributed throughout Indonesia. It was conducted on all local cattle breeds and wasstrongly supported by local farmers. This crossbreeding activity was feared to change the genetic diversity of local Indonesia cattle,where the descendants could not adapt to the climatic conditions, feeds and localized diseases; and the ability of reproduction continuesto decline in generations, there fore the availability of parental cattle should be maintained continuously. This crossbreed had producedsome new breeds, among others Simpo (Simmental x PO), Limpo (Limousin x PO), Simbal (Simmental x Bali cattle), Limbal(Limousin x Bali cattle), and Madrasin or Limad (Limousin x Madura cattle). Male offsprings were sterile, while female offsprings hadlower reproductive capacity than of the parent’s. This lead to uncertainty over the guarantee of meeting the needs of protein (meat andmilk) of Indonesian in the future, thus there was a need of regulation. On the other hand, in the grasslands of North Australia, thebreeder had produced an eminent cattle breeds, namely Australian Commercial Cattle (ACC), from uncontrolled crossbreeds betweendifferent breedsof taurine and zebu cattle in the pasture, therefore this concerns ignored.

Black rice is a local rice variety with some advantages and weaknesses. The desirable character of black rice is its high anthocyanin content, while the weaknesses are late maturing, tall plant stature and low grain yield. Crosses were made between two parents aimed to recombine the superior traits. The effectiveness and efficiency of selection would be determined by the magnitude of the heritability of traits and the selection progress. This study was aimed to determine the heritability estimates in a broad sense and the genetic advance of agronomic characters of F2 generation, from crosses of local black rice and high yielding variety of white rice. The experiment was conducted in Padasan, Pakembinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta from January to May 2013. The F2 population derived from crosses of black rice x white rice, with the morphological traits of hairless black rice (S) crossed with Situbagendit (G) white rice, Cempo ireng (C) with Situbagendit (G) and Cempo ireng (C) with Inpari 6 (I). The F2 plants population were planted without replication. Genetic parameters estimated were calculated for broad sense heritability and genetic advance from selection. Results showed that the F2 population had high broad sense heritability estimates for all characters observed, including: plant height, flag leaf length, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, maturity and rice color, in the three F2 populations obtained from crosses of S x G, C x G and C x I. Only the plant height of S x G cross had a medium broad sense heritability estimate. The large heritability estimates indicated that the respective character was controlled by genetic factor more than environmental ones. High genetic advance would be obtained in the flag leaf length, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains/panicle, number of empty grains/panicle and rice color from S x G, C x G and C x I crosses. Genetic advance of plant height was medium (at S x G and C x I crosses) to high (C x G crosses). The maturity trait had low genetic advance on cross S x G; C x G; and Cx I. The high value of genetic advance of character would suggest that selection on the character’s appearance would be successful.

This study aims to determine the implementation of learning by applying the Student Facilitator And Explaining (SFAE) model and the improvement of students' creative thinking skills on the topic of harmonic vibration. The method used in this study is pre-experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design. The samples of this study were students of class X MIA 4 SMA Karya Pembangunan I Ciaparay with a total of 30 students. The sample was chosen by random sampling technique. The field observation sheet instrument was used to observe the implementation of the SFAE model. An essay type test was given in order to measure students' creative thinking skills. This study discovers that the average implementation score of teacher’s activity was 83% which belongs to the good category and the students’ activity was 79% which belongs to the good category. The Improvement of students’ creative thinking skills based on normalized gain was 0.56 which belongs to the medium category. Hypothesis testing used was paired sample t-test with the results of t-count (36.06)> t-table (2.052). This result means that the SFAE model can be used as an alternative for improving students' creative thinking skills for the topic of harmonic vibration. Thus, implementation of the SFAE model can improve students' higher order thinking skills. The SFAE model can also be implemented for learning on other physics topics at various levels of education

The purpose of this study was to examine students' language learning strategies in one private bilingual junior high school in Jambi, Indonesia. Data were collected through SILL questionnaires and face to face interviews. The questionnaires were analyzed statistically while the interviews data were transcribed and analyzed line by line from all participants. The SILL questionnaires and interviews were used to seek the students' types of language learning strategy and the differences of language learning strategies between female and male students. Overall, the findings revealed that participants mostly used memory strategies and there were no significant differences between male and female students in using language learning strategies in learning English. Suggestions and policy implications are also discussed.

Sutarno (2010). Genetic variations among Indonesian native cattle breeds based on polymorphisms analysis in the growth hormone loci and mitochondrial DNA. Biodiversitas 11: 1-5. Genetic variation within breeds is important and its study has become a subject of interest in livestock species, as it has many applications in animal breeding and genetics, such as the identification of animals and parentage testing, gene mapping and identifying markers for performance traits. Two loci of bovine growth hormone genes, and two regions of mitochondrial DNA, D-loop and ND-5 were characterized using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (CR-RFLP) involving 120 Indonesian native cattle of Bali, Madura, PO and West Sumatra breeds. The results indicated that sequence variations were detected both in the growth hormone loci and mitochondrial DNA.

Setyawan AD, Sutarno, Sugiyarto. 2013. Species diversity of Selaginella in Mount Lawu, Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 14: 1-9. Selaginella is a genus of ferns allies that lives in moist areas and requires water for fertilization; therefore it is often found in highlands. The aim of this research was to know species diversity of Selaginella in Mount Lawu and the vicinity areas. The research was conducted between