Soybean is the most produced oil crop in the world, with great increase in its annual production as well as great generation of waste from its industrialization. The soybean hulls can be used for the elaboration of products such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), adding high value to this residue and it can be used as a coating polymer in seeds. The objective of this work was to analyze the physiological quality of soybean seeds treated with CMC and fungicide, recording images to verify the effectiveness of the coating in the seeds. The experiment was randomized into factorial scheme 2 × 4 with four replicates, two soybean cultivars M-7110 and M-7739 and four types of coating: without (control), CMC, fungicide and fungicide/CMC. The variables analyzed were: vigor (first count), germination test, accelerated aging, length and dry mass of the radicle and hypocotyl length. The images were made with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with zoom of 50 and 200 times. The CMC used alone or with fungicide, provided good physiological quality of soybean seeds. In some analyzes there was difference between the cultivars M 7110 and M 7739. The combination of CMC and fungicide provided a better coating on the seeds.

To treat seed lots during the beneficiation process industrial seed treatment (TIS) has been used on seedlings. However, the actual TIS influence on the physiological quality of soybeans throughout storage is not yet known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of TIS on the physiological quality of seeds of soybean cultivars during storage. Three soybean cultivars (M7110 IPRO, RR-8473RSF, M7739 IPRO) were subjected to four chemical treatment combinations (TIC-treated fungicide / insecticide): T1 - control; T2 - fungicide (Derosal Plus® - 200mL); T3 - insecticide (Cruiser ® - 500mL); T4 - a mixture of fungicide and insecticide products metalaxyl + thiabendazole + fludioxonil (MaximAdvanced - 200 mL) and thiamethoxam insecticide (Cruiser 350 FS - 500 mL). The samples were stored for a total of six months, with evaluation before storage and monthly throughout the storage period (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days). The seeds were stored in a cold chamber regulated at 12 ± 2 ºC and a relative humidity of 45± 2%. In addition to determining the water content, the following germination and vigor tests were performed: first count, seedling length, seedling dry mass and accelerated aging. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3 x 4 x 7 factorial scheme, with four replications. The data were initiallysubjected to analysis of variance, and later discriminated by the Tukey test (p < 0.05) (cultivars and chemical products) and regression (storage period). The work concludes that the use of insecticide favored the length of seedlings in cultivar RR-8473 RSF. Chemicals affected the quality and vigor of seeds in all studied cultivars. Soybean seeds can be stored with chemical treatment for commercial purposes for up to 60 days.

O urucum (Bixa orellana) é um condimento que tem origem no Brasil, os grãos apresentam potencial de tingimento, utilizado na indústria de alimentos, cosméticos e têxteis. O objetivo foi avaliar a cinética de secagem dos grãos de urucum em diferentes temperaturas do ar de secagem 30°C, 40°C, 50°C e 60°C e determinar suas propriedades termodinâmicas. Para secagem dos grãos foi do teor de água 9% b.s., para 2% b.s., utilizado estufa de ventilação forçada. Foram utilizados 10 modelos matemáticos para descrever o processo da secagem, a escolha do melhor modelo foi utilizado como critério o coeficiente de determinação, o erro médio relativo e o erro médio estimado. Foi calculado o coeficiente de difusão efetivo e a energia de ativação usada para o cálculo da entalpia, entropia e energia livre de Gibbs. A equação de Page foi o melhor modelo para representação da cinética de secagem de grãos de urucum nas temperaturas de 30°C, 40°C, 50°C e 60°C. O aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem proporciona a redução da entalpia, o aumento da energia livre de Gibbs e mantém entropia negativa.

The species Cajanus cajan L. where pigeonpea is from presents a harvest potential in tropical regions for it is used as human and animal feed, besides being used as green fertilizer. However, the harvest area of this Fabaceae is still insignificant, due to especially the lack of quality seeds. In this context, it is possible to affirm that drying and store are portrayed as important steps for obtaining superior quality seeds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the physiologic quality of dwarf pigeonpea seeds, with different water content during storage. A factorial scheme 3 × 6 was adopted in the delimitation completely randomized, with four replications. Treatments were constituted by the combination of lots of seeds containing three different water contents (11%, 14% and 16%), submitted to a 10-month storage period, with evaluations every two months (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). Seeds were stocked in a bag type kraft under normal lab conditions, that is, no control. Physiologic quality of the seeds was evaluated through the following tests: Germination Pattern Test-GPT, first count of germination, accelerated aging and electric conductivity. It can be concluded that pigeonpea with hard seeds containing water content at 11% existing superior physiologic quality throughout the 10-month storage, under no controlled condition, certainly promoted by the less intense breathing from the reserves cumulated in the seed lot. Pigeonpea seeds storage with water content superior to 14% promotes a sharp decrease of physiologic quality, due to an increase in metabolic activity.

The industrial seed treatment (IST) of soybeans is an economically recommended technique in agricultural production, providing protection against pests and initial pathogens. However, the real effects of pesticides about the quality of soybean seeds are still little known, since the adoption of the system is still recent by soybean farmers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds, treated or not, with insecticide/ fungicide new mixtures and stored for 240 days in a non-controlled and controlled environment. The completely randomized design was used, distributed in a 5 x 2 x 6 factorial scheme with four replications. The plot treatments consisted of soybean seeds belonging to the cultivar M - 7739 IPRO, treated with six different insecticide/ fungicide mixtures {(Cruiser®); (Amulet®); (MaximAdvanced®); (Cruiser®+ MaximAdvanced®); (MaximAdvanced® + Amulet®); (untreated control)}, stored in two environments {(laboratory – without control and cold room – with control (10 ± 2 ºC,45± 2% UR)} for eight months of storage with five evaluation times (0; 60; 120; 180 and 240days). The following tests were carried out: water content, germination, first count, seedling length and seedling dry mass. It was found that the chemical treatments negatively affect the germination potential of seeds, especially after 120 days of storage, regardless of the environment.Thiamethoxamand Thiamethoxam + Metalaxil; Tabendazole; Fludioxonil after storage provided the biggest reductions in seed viability and vigor after 240 days of storage. The cold room environment provides better conditions for the conservation of the germinative potential of soybean seeds.

Pepper is usually propagated by seeds. Therefore, seeds must have high physiological quality along with other factors to ensure strong stabilization of the crop. The Brazilian market for this aromatic plant is predominant in family agriculture. Brazil encounters problems regarding the use of pepper seeds, as there are high losses in the post-harvest phase of the product. In this project, the objective was to evaluate the quality of pepper seeds subjected to drying at temperatures of 30, 35 and 40 °C in different storage periods to minimize the risk of damage to seeds due to inadequate drying. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with three drying temperatures and seven periods of storage (180 days) with four replicates. The germination test, electrical conductivity, water content, tetrazolium test and field emergence were performed. It was concluded that drying air temperatures of 30, 35 and 40 °C significantly influenced the quality of the seeds. After drying, pepper seeds can be stored for up to 120 days without their quality being affected dramatically.

This study was to evaluate the nutrition and the agronomic part of bean intercropped with castor crops submitted to sources and levels of B in the Anápolis-GO, Brazil. The treatments consisted of two sources of B (borax = 11% B and boric acid = 17% B) combined with five levels of B (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kg ha -1 in soil) in bean intercropped with castor, plus monoculture, using 1.0 kg ha -1 B. That leaf levels of B and S in beans, and of B, N, Ca, Mg and Fe in castor were influenced by the sources and levels of B in the intercropping. The bean yield intercropped with castor was not influenced by borated fertilization, neither by the interaction of factors. The highest yield of castor intercropped with beans, 2.040 kg of grains ha -1 , was obtained with the 1.9 kg ha -1 of B, regardless of the source used.

Tomato is one of the most produced vegetables in the whole Brazilian territory, also presenting great income to the family producer. The use of organic or alternative substrates has grown, since its acquisition by the producer is easy. Aiming at these factors, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production of three cultivars, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz Kada Gigante and Santa Adélia tomatoes in seven types of substrates formulated with humus and added bovine manure, chicken manure and carbonized rice husk, thus forming a randomized block design in factorial scheme 7×3. The seeds were sown in styrofoam trays and placed in a greenhouse at Emater-GO experimental station, in the city of Anápolis. Some analyses were carried out to verify the quality of seedlings. The analysis of variance was not significant for the cultivar × substrate interaction, so the analyses proceeded in isolation. The cultivars Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Kada Gigante were superior to cultivating Santa Adélia in all tests. The substrates that contained chicken manure composition were the ones that presented the best results in all analyses.