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The objective of this study was to evaluate and predict land movement by integrating geodetic, geophysical and meteorological data in a landslide area. Specifically, electrical resistivity tomography surveying, Global Navigation Satellite System and terrestrial laser scanning techniques were integrated to monitor a landslide. The study area lies to the southeast of the town of Taşkent in southern Turkey, close to Balcılar in the Central Taurus mountain chain. Landslides result in considerable damage to structures, farmland and the environment in this area; therefore, it is important to characterise the size, extent and timing of past land movements in order to mitigate damage from future landslides. Analysis presented in this paper shows that the greatest land movements in the region occur in spring, when average motions can be up to 1.5 m per month. It is demonstrated that integrated techniques provide a better means for monitoring landslide processes and gathering data for predictions of future movements. Mapping landslide movements by integrating geophysical and geodetic observations can provide a meaningful evaluation of a landslide and its dynamics.

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Usage of geospatial data enables decisions to be more effective and stronger in critical fields. Since geospatial data is very expensive source and the most time-consuming step, mostly it is not possible to find the required data ready to use. Therefore different projects have been developed and tried to implement by several countries to keep geospatial data which is required to collect and managed, accessible and usable. At this study Open Geospatial Consortium standarts were explained, the focus was given on WFS and WMS because of their increasing popularity. Concurrently free and/or open source WMS/WFS server and client softwares were investigated.

Özet

ÖzetBu çalışma, topoğrafik yüzeylerde meydana gelen hareketlerin izlenmesinde İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) kullanımını sunmaktadır. Çalışmada farklı zamanlarda elde edilen görüntülerde komşuluk ve korelasyon ilişkileriyle yüzey hareketlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Son yılların en yeni ve etkili ölçme teknolojisi hiç şüphesiz İHA'dır. İHA görüntüleri, santimetre hassasiyette çözüm üretebilen Küresel Konumlandırma Uydu Sistemleri (GNSS) ile birlikte kullanılarak yüzey hareketlerinin tespit edilmesi için değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında belirli zaman aralığında elde edilen verilerdeki özel detaylar otomatik çıkarılarak görüntülerdeki topoğrafik yüzeyin farklı sebeplerle oluşan değişimleri gözlemlenmiştir. Aynı koordinat sistemine sahip farklı zamanlarda elde edilen ortomozaikler arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklardan yararlanarak görüntüler üzerindeki topoğrafik yüzey özellikleri incelenebilmektedir. Çalışma bölgesi olarak heyelan vakalarının yoğun olarak görüldüğü Taşkent (Konya) ilçesi seçilmiştir. İHA görüntülerinden elde edilen ortomozaik ve sayısal arazi modeli verileri, yüzey hareketlerinin yatay ve düşey yönde tespit edilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Planimetrik olarak 0.005 m/gün hızda yer değiştirmeler, düşeyde ise ortalama 0.004m/gün hareketler tespit edilmiştir. AbstractThis study presents the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for monitoring movements on topographic surfaces. In the study, it is aimed to reveal surface movements with neighbouring and correlation relations in the images obtained at different times. The latest and most effective measuring technology of recent years is undoubtedly UAV. UAV images were used together with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which can produce solutions with centimetre accuracy to evaluate surface movements. Within the scope of this study, the individual details which are extracted automatically on the images obtained at certain time intervals, changes caused by various reasons on the topographic surface, were observed. By using the similarities and differences between orthomosaics obtained at different times with the same coordinate system, topographic surface properties on the images can be examined. Taşkent (Konya) province where landslide cases are seen as intense in the study area was selected. The orthomosaic and digital terrain model data obtained by UAV images were used to determine the horizontal and vertical direction of the surface movements. Planimetric displacements at 0.005 m/day and 0.004 m/day movements at vertical were determined.

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