In this study, mycological examination were conducted on different samples from human, animals and poultry in El-Fayoum and Beni-Suef governorates, Egypt in the period from January to June 2013. The antifungal activities of thyme, clove and cinnamon oils against the recovered fungal isolates were tested using agar dilution method. A total of 209 samples were collected (including vaginal swabs from 18 women, 82 cows and 9 buffaloes beside 100 swabs from broiler chickens; 20 crops and 80 proventriculus). Eighty nine fungal isolates were recovered (40 mold and 49 yeast isolates). Eleven (61.1%) fungal isolates were recovered from women; of which 1 isolate was A. flavus and 10 were Candida species while 39 (42.9%) fungal isolates were recovered from animals; of which 36 were molds and 3 were C. albicans. In broiler chickens, 39 (39%) fungal isolates were recovered; of which 36 were yeast; 34 Candida species and 2 Cryptococcus species and 3 were molds; 2 A. niger and 1 A. flavus. PCR assay using oligonucleotide primer that amplifying 172bp fragment in SAP3 gene of C. albicans confirmed morphological, biochemical and biological identification of C. albicans. The antifungal activities of the tested essential oils against the recovered fungi revealed that thyme oil completely inhibited the growth of different fungal isolates at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1%. Clove and cinnamon oils completely inhibited the growth of different fungal isolates at a concentration of 6%.
Avian colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases of chickens resulting in significant economic losses as well as high morbidity and mortality. In the current study, the prevalence of avian colibacillosis was studied in different farms of broiler chickens in Beni Suef, EL-Minia, El-Fayoum, Assiut and Sohag Governorates. A total of 300 pooling samples were collected aseptically from heart blood as well as the affected organs including air sacs, pericardial sac, and liver of slaughtered diseased and freshly dead broiler chickens. Bacteriological examination of the collected samples showed that a total number of 80 E. coli isolates were recovered with an overall prevalence of 26.7. The highest prevalence was recorded in El-Fayoum (33.3%) followed by El-Minia (25%), Beni Suef and Assiut (22.5% for each) while the lowest prevalence was in Sohag (17.5%). The invitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that E. coli isolates showed high sensitivity to colistin sulphate only (70%). Meanwhile, high resistances were recorded against other antimicrobials including amoxicillin (97.5%), cefotaxime sodium and florfenicol (95% for each), apramycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (92.5% for each), streptomycin (90%), enrofloxacin (87.5%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol and doxycycline HCl (77.5% for each). All E. coli isolates were MDR (100%). PCR was applied on 10 MDR E. coli isolates to detect the 3 resistance-associated genes (qnrA, tetA and aac(6′)-Ib-cr and 5 virulence-associated genes (iutA, hly, sta, lt and astA). The results showed that all the tested isolates (100%) harbored qnrA, tetA, iutA and astA genes meanwhile aac(6′)-Ib-cr, hly, sta and lt genes were not detected in any isolate.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.