Microemulsions were prepared with palm oil derivatives as solvents at variable temperature. In addition, the effects of temperature and 1-pentanol as cosurfactant on the microemulsion region were also studied. Results show that the solubility of palm-based esters (POMEs) increased significantly in Imbentin coco 6.9EO, a commercial fatty alcohol ethoxylate, when the temperature was raised at 308 8 8 8 8C to 408 8 8 8 8C, 508 8 8 8 8C, and 608 8 8 8 8C. However, the solubility of palm kernel-based medium chain triglycerides (PK-MCT) did not increase much even though the temperature was raised to 608 8 8 8 8C. This might be due to the fact that the cloud point for POMEs in Imbentin 6.9EO solution was below 608 8 8 8 8C, but the cloud point for PK-MCT in Imbentin coco 6.9EO solution was higher than 608 8 8 8 8C.The formation of a large microemulsion region was observed at a 50:50 ratio of oil to water for POMEs in Imbentin coco 6.9EO system. The optimum concentration of cosurfactant and surfactant that formed microemulsions was 5% and 20% (w/w). However, the formation of a large microemulsion region was obtained at a 25:75 ratio of oil to water for PK-MCT in Imbentin coco 6.9EO. The optimum concentration of cosurfactant and surfactant that produced microemulsions was 15% and 25% (w/w) respectively.
Abstract. Introduction of water in the fuel gave a significant effect to the reduction of pollutant such as NO x emission. In this work, water/diesel microemulsion fuels were prepared using compositional method by mixing water and diesel in the presence of non-ionic surfactant and co-surfactant. The effects of water composition on the partial ternary phase diagram were studied at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (w/w). The physical stability of the microemulsion was investigated at 45°C over a period of one month. The optimum formulae obtained were diesel/T80/1-penthanol/water 60:20:15:5 wt% (System 1), 55:20:15:10 wt% (System 2), 50:20:15:15 wt% (System 3) and 45:20:15:20 wt% (System 4). Physicochemical characterizations of optimum formulae were studied. The results showed that water content has a significant effect to the formation of microemulsion, its stability, droplet size and viscosity.
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