Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Ishak, Nurul Atiqah Izzati Md; Raman, Ismail Ab.; Yarmo, Mohd Ambar; Mahmood, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan

doi:10.1007/s11708-015-0355-9

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, these microemulsions showed calorific values similar to those of diesel. Similarly, biodiesel‐diesel‐water microemulsions did not show any appreciable decrease in energy values when compared to the diesel in work by Ishak et al, even though biodiesel has a lower calorific value when compared to neat diesel, while water has a calorific value of zero …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Furthermore, the ash content reduced with an increase in the percentage of butanol, and was undetectable in the microemulsions with 60% (vol/vol) diesel. Literature also had suggested a reduction in the ash content of the fuel for a higher replacement of diesel, due to the more complete combustion caused by the oxygenating nature of the non‐ash‐containing alcohol …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of alcohol on the properties of water‐in‐diesel microemulsion fuels

Abrar

Bhaskarwar

2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable alternatives to diesel, which could be directly used in the engine, without any modification. Surfactant‐free water‐in‐diesel microemulsions with 60.0–70.0% (vol/vol) diesel, 29.0–39.5% (vol/vol) butanol, and 0.5–2.0% (vol/vol) water were formulated, and their properties were compared against standard specifications of diesel fuel oil (ASTM D975). The calorific values of the microemulsion fuels (41.23–44.75 MJ/kg) were higher than the volume‐fraction weighted averages (39.20–40.75 MJ/kg). The cloud points (−0.5 to −3.5°C) were lower than expected (0°C). The specific gravities (0.825–0.831), viscosities (2.16–2.39 mm2/s), and sulfur contents (27–45 mg/kg) were also within the permissible limits. Some of the microemulsions showed improved cetane indices (cetane index up to 49.5), while the microemulsions with higher butanol percentages, for which cetane index reduced to 38, would require the use of cetane improvers. Since these microemulsions satisfied the ASTM specifications, they could be potentially used as a cleaner alternative to diesel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of alcohol on the properties of water‐in‐diesel microemulsion fuels

Abrar

Bhaskarwar

2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…Multicomponent reverse micelles in hydrocarbons have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DLS, and extensively by SANS. − Diesel–ethanol has mainly used DLS to access the stability of the system. , One study has used both DLS and SANS on a potential biofuel with ethanol, but the hydrocarbon source is rapeseed oil and not diesel . DLS data are more easily accessible and offer a basic understanding of the micelle sizes and stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies on an Idealized Diesel Biofuel Platform

Riiff

Webb²,

Orts

et al. 2017

Energy Fuels

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Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to characterize the microstructure of a reverse micelle system consisting of ethanol, water, and surfactant in n-hexadecanes as an analytical framework to understand the structure and stability of a model platform for biofuel formulations. Best-fit modeling of SANS scattering data suggested that the micelles are better described as ellipsoids rather than spheres, with the (geometric) diameters of stable micelles increasing from 2.4 to 7.5 nm as a function of the increasing water content as well as surfactant concentration. Fitted diameters from DLS measurements followed similar trends, but DLS measurements overestimated the interior of the micelles by roughly 2−3 nm because DLS measurements are based on the full hydrodynamic radius, including the surfactant shell. SANS only detects the nanopool interior, a significant advantage. The choice of surfactant altered the stability at temperatures below 10 °C, but the micelles readily reassembled when the temperature was raised toward room temperature. This model framework was then used to quantitatively assess "real world" surrogate fuel systems consisting of ethanol, commercial ultra-low sulfur diesel, and a surfactant derived from minimally processed corn oil waste. These surrogate mixtures were probed over temperatures ranging from 10 to 60 °C, at concentrations up to 740 mM, and at various saturation levels with results similar to the model system. Results confirmed that this analytical framework can be used to understand optimization of biofuel formulations to meet industry standards for stability, cold-flow, and other performance requirements.

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Microemulsion fuels for compression ignition engines: A review on engine performance and emission characteristics

Abrar

Bhaskarwar

2019

Fuel

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Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of alcohol on the properties of water‐in‐diesel microemulsion fuels

Effect of alcohol on the properties of water‐in‐diesel microemulsion fuels

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies on an Idealized Diesel Biofuel Platform

Microemulsion fuels for compression ignition engines: A review on engine performance and emission characteristics

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