Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) interaction plays an important role in the formation of the immunological synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Blocking of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions has been shown to suppress the progression of autoimmune diseases. cIBR peptide (cyclo(1,12)PenPRGGSVLVTGC) inhibits ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction by binding to the I-domain of LFA-1. To increase the bioactivity of cIBR peptide, we systemically modified the structure of the peptide by (i) replacing the Pen residue at the N-terminus with Cys, (ii) cyclization using amide bond formation between Lys-Glu side chains, and (iii) reducing the peptide size by eliminating the C-terminal residue. We found that the activity of cIBR peptide was not affected by replacing Phe with Cys. Peptide cyclization by forming the Lys-Glu amide bond also increased the activity of cIBR peptide, presumably due to the resistance of the amide bond to the reducing nature of glutathione in plasma. We also found that a reduced derivative of cIBR with eight residues (cyclo(1,8)CPRGGSVC) has a bioactivity similar to that of the larger cIBR peptides. Our findings suggest that, by systemically modifying the structure of cIBR peptide, the biological activity of these derivatives can be optimized for future use to inhibit T-cell adhesion in in vivo models of autoimmune diseases.
Background: Phytochemicals are present as important substances in natural resources and therefore, have aided in invention of the anti-oxidant, and anti-elastase properties of polyphenol compounds present in Indonesian herbs such as Macassar Kernels (Rhus javanica L). Objective: This research aimed to investigate anti-elastase, and antioxidant properties. Methods: Ethanolic extract of Rhus Leaves (RL), Rhus Stem (RS), Rhus Greenish Fruit (RGF), and Rhus Blackish-grey Fruit (RBF) were prepared individually by solvent extraction method. Anti-elastase activity was carried out with elastase from porcine pancreas. For quantitative phytochemical screening, DPPH radical scavenging assay, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP), Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of Rhus javanica were estimated. Result: RS showed highest anti-elastase activity (45.30%±0.087), compared with RL (12.30%±0.004), and there were no activities in RGF and RBF. In DPPH assay, RS had lowest activity (IC50 561.05 µg/ml), compared with RBF (IC50 239.28 µg /ml), RGF (IC50 189.3I µg/ml), and RL (IC50 157.81 µg/ml). RS also has lowest FRAP activity (% inhibition = 26.60%±0.002), and TPC value (28.50±0.03 mgGAE/g dry weight). Conclusion: Test extracts showed anti-aging properties in different mechanisms. RS possessed the highest anti-elastase activity but had the weakest antioxidant activity. RS (Rhus Stem) TFC (Total Flavonoid Content) TPC (Total Phenolic Content) TPTZ (2, 4, 6-tris(2-pyridyl)-striazine) Q (Quercetin)
The leaves, stems, and fruit of the Myrica javanica plant were obtained from the Tangkuban Perahu ABSTRACT Introduction: The presence of elastase and ROS can cause skin aging, phenolic compounds and flavonoids can be used to inhibit elastase activity and as an antioxidant. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the anti-elastase, antioxidant activities, TPC and TFC of extracts from Myrica javanica. Methods: In this study, the leaves, stems and fruit of Myrica javanica were macerated with 96% ethanol. The extracts obtained were analysed for anti-elastase and antioxidant activities. It was also evaluated for TPC and TFC. Result: IC50 anti-elastase on leaves extract (LE), stems extract (SE), and fruits extract (FE) respectively showed 64.71 ppm, 197.49 ppm, and no activity. The anti-elastase result of three extracts are lower if compared with Myricetine (9.54 ppm). SE showed highest DPPH and TPC value (IC50=16.36 µg/mL; 307.00 mgGAE/g dry weight) and LE showed highest FRAP and TFC value (421.68 Mol/gram; 15.80 mgQE/g dry weight). Conclusion: In summary, anti-elastase and antioxidant activity are influenced by differences in the content of compounds in the extract.
Indonesia is located in an area of active tectonic plate. This area suffers from natural disasters. Recorded almost every year disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and fires, occur in several regions in Indonesia. One of the major city in Indonesia is Jakarta. Jakarta as a capital city with urban area has an important position in terms of economy and government. The issue of earthquakes with the magnitude of 8 SR is one of the major disasters that threatening Jakarta. The effort to alleviate losses caused by disasters, it is necessary to inform the community regarding preparation in the face of disasters that will occur. This preparation is needed especially in densely populated areas as part of disaster mitigation measures like Matraman District in East Jakarta. The initial step in this program is to distribute questionnaires to determine the level of knowledge and information about the disaster. Furthermore, by utilising the geographical information system (GIS), evacuation routes when a disaster occurs can be made to adjust the situation of the area. The evacuation routes produced include the fastest and safest routes in evacuation by considering conditions such as road width, car parking, electricity poles, railroad crossings, and blind alley. This evacuation route will be modelled with 3D simulation in several conditions such as railroad crossings, spill markets, crossroads, and one-way lanes when a disaster occurs. This simulation will be the end result in a program to increase public awareness of potential disasters that threaten their area. This research obtains evacuation routes and 3D simulations that have been made are information media that can facilitate people to get the right knowledge about disaster mitigation. The results of the community awareness raising program on potential disasters can be used as a reference for other regions in the effort to mitigate disasters.
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