BACKGROUND:Repetitive traumatic brain injury (RTBI) has gained much attention in this decade, especially in contact sports athletes and military personals. This injury is correlated with early neurodegenerative changes that are marked with the increased of tau protein. Turmeric extract (TE) is a well-known anti-inflammation and antioxidant that decreases tau protein expression in neurodegenerative disease.AIM:This study aimed to prove the effect of TE on tau protein level after RTBI.METHODS:Forty Sprague Dawley mice were divided into four groups, i.e. negative sham control group, the control group, and two treatment groups. A weight drop model was used by applying a 40-gram mass that was dropped from a 1-meter height onto the vertex of the head, with a total frequency of 12 times, divided into 4 days (day 0, 1, 3, and 7; 3 traumas on each day). TE was given to all treatment groups with 500 mg/kg BW doses once daily. The first treatment group had TE for seven days along the trauma. The second treatment group had pretreatment TE extract, given from seven days before first trauma and continued along the trauma protocol days. Tau protein level was measured on brain and serum using ELISA method.RESULTS:There was a significant reduction of tau protein level in both treatment groups compared to trauma group, either in serum or brain, but we also found significant differences regarding brain tau level between the treatment and pretreatment group.CONCLUSION:This study might provide evidence of with the role of pretreatment TE in RTBI.

BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major global health problems. Secondary brain injury is a complex inflammation cascades process that causes brain cell apoptosis. Propolis is a natural product that has neuroprotective property.AIM:This study aimed to investigate the effect of propolis toward Hsp70 expression with apoptosis marker in brain tissue after TBI.METHODS:Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were randomised into three treatments group, i.e. sham-operated controls, closed head injury (CHI), and CHI with propolis extract (treatment group). In the treatment group, propolis was given 200 mg/kg per oral for 7 days then harvested brain tissues after sacrificed by cervical dislocation at day 8. We investigated Hsp70, Caspase 3, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and TUNEL assay expression using immunohistochemistry staining. Statistical test using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey HSD as post hoc test.RESULTS:Mean of positive Hsp70 stained cells in group 1 was 6.82 ± 2.14, group 2 was 3.91 ± 2.26, and group 3 was 9.64 ± 3.53 with a significant difference of Hsp70 expression distribution within groups (p = 0.0001). Mean of positive caspase 3 stained cells in group 1 was 5.45 ± 2.30, group 2 was 13.82 ± 2.44, and group 3 was 7.03 ± 1.54 with a significant difference of caspase3 expression distribution within groups (p=0.0001). Mean of positive AIF stained cells in group 1 was 5.36 ± 2.11, group 2 was 12.82 ± 1.40, and group 3 was 8.09 ± 1.81 with a significant difference of AIF expression distribution within groups (p = 0.0001). Mean of positive TUNEL assay stained cells in group 1 was 4.82 ± 2.04, group 2 was 11.55 ± 1.51, and group 3 was 7.64 ± 1.96 with a significant difference of TUNEL test expression distribution within groups (p = 0.0001).CONCLUSION:Propolis may protect brain cell from apoptosis after injury by maintaining Hsp70 expression in addition to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.

AbstrakTrauma kepala menimbulkan masalah yang serius dalam masyarakat kita karena baik morbiditas maupun mortalitasnya masih sangat tinggi. Perawatan pasien trauma kepala adalah masalah yang sangat kompleks dan merupakan tanggung jawab yang berat. Perawatan bedah syaraf adalah suatu fokus baru di bidang perawatan di Indonesia, salah satu sebabnya adalah jumlah institusi medis yang menyediakan tenaga ahli di bidang ini masih sangat sedikit. Di ibukota provinsi pun hanya ada sejumlah kecil Dokter Ahli Bedah Syaraf dengan fasilitas medis yang terbatas. Tulisan ini akan membahas tentang penilaian, intervensi, dan perawatan pasien trauma kepala, terutama pada penderita koma. Pembahasan tersebut mencakup aspek teoritis, patofisiologis, dan psikologis dari perawatan dan mengutamakan pentingnya pendekatan secara multidisipliner.Kata kunci: cedera kepala, aspek perawatan, penatalaksanaan, pendekatan multidisiplin. Abstract Head injuries cause serious problems within our community, as the morbidity and mortality are still very high. The management of head injury patient is a very complex problem and a serious difficult responsibility. Neurosurgical nursing is a new focus in Indonesian nursing, one of the reasons is that only few medical institutions provide reliable skill in this field. Even in a capital

Gunshot is a rare subset of penetrating head injury, and generally the victim dies before arriving at the hospital. This paper reported a case of an intracranial gunshot injury in a 12 year-old boy that was shot by his friend, whose primary intention was to play around, using a revolver. A missile projectile penetrated from mid frontal and came out from right occipital. Vital signs were stable with GCS 8 from physical examination. A rational management strategy should permit a good outcome. The only complications that occured were hydrocephalus, yet it was managed by VP–shunt. Skull defect was closed using titanium mesh. A two-year follow-up showed a good result. The patient was able to do daily activity and back to school again.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Objective: Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. The main therapeutic modality for breast cancer with brain metastasis is radiation. Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) is a regional treatment that provides moderate doses of radiotherapy to all brain tissue. Capecitabine was found to be effective for the treatment of breast cancer with metastasis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of WBRT on the response of breast cancer brain metastatic lesions combined with capecitabine administration. Methods: This study uses a prospective, randomized-blind cohort analytic study approach. Subjects were randomized into two groups by giving different fraction of WBRT and capecitabine. Subjects were evaluated 4 w post-radiation. Data on differences in patient responses in the two treatment groups were analyzed. Results: A total of 23 breast cancer patients with brain metastasis participated in this study. Group I (WBRT 10x3Gy + capecitabine 1000 mg/m2/b.i.d) obtained results of 5 (45.5%) out of 11 are responding to therapy. Whereas in group II (WBRT 20x2Gy + capecitabine1000 mg/m2/b.i.d) found 11 (91.7%) out of 12 patients responded to therapy. The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups with a value of P = 0.027. Conclusion: Giving capecitabine and WBRT with 20x2Gy gives a better response both clinically and statistically