O sistema imunitário é o sistema de defesa do corpo humano, e é constituído por uma complexa rede de células e moléculas dispersas por todo o organismo. Este sistema tem importante relação com a nutrição pois há interação entre a ingestão adequada de nutrientes, o aumento no estresse oxidativo e a ocorrência de processos infecciosos, com depleção imunitária. Esse artigo trata-se de revisão de literatura colocando em destaque os principais nutrientes que agem em benefício do sistema imunitário: ferro, vitamina A, vitamina C, vitamina E, vitamina D e zinco, e destaca sua relação com o sistema imunitário.
The objective of the papper was to verify the relationship between dietary intake and interdialytic weight gain in patients with chronic kidney disease. Cross-sectional study, in a renal clinic in Irati, Paraná, Brazil. Prehemodialysis weight and weight after hemodialysis were evaluated. Food intake was analyzed according to food frequency and usual food day (DAH). The data were evaluated descriptively and also through the chi-square test, Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Sixty-one patients (54.1%) participated in the study, with a mean age of 57.78±14.58 years, 62.3% of males. The mean pre-hemodialysis weight was 68.28±15.14 kg, while hemodialysis was 65.63±15.01 kg (p<0.05), with a variation of 4.04%. The mean interdialytic weight gain was 2.63±1.26 kg, basically composed of liquids. The majority (60.7%) reached an adequate percentage of carbohydrates and proteins; While 89.3% presented an ideal percentage of lipids. Among vitamins and minerals, all were below the recommended value. Calcium and phosphorus had 98.2% of inadequacy. Those who consumed fruits and vegetables had lower weight (p>0.05). The other food groups (meat, cereals, fats and sweets) also had no association with weight gain (p> 0.05). When the nutrients were compared, according to the DAH, there was no relation with the interdialytic weight gain (p>0.05). Thus, it was observed that there was a relationship between interdialytic weight gain and macronutrient consumption; The same was not observed for micronutrients.
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