The aim of this paper is to explore the predominant metonymic and metaphoric conceptualizations of sadness in the Old English period. To this end, the Old English expressions for emotional distress recorded in The Old English Thesaurus and old English dictionaries have been analyzed. Taking as a starting point the experiential grounding of emotion conceptualization, we first present experimental evidence in support of the role of somato-behavioral reactions in emotion recognition, affective state induction and emotional information processing and interpretation, and review the most common metonymic and metaphoric expressions for sadness in Modern English. Next, we analyze the Old English vocabulary for sadness and the interplay between embodiment and culture in the conceptualization and linguistic description of emotional distress. Such analysis makes it clear that in ancient times, as in present day English, sadness and psychological distress were also conceptualized in terms of unpleasant physical conditions such as illness, cold, darkness or heaviness. Consequently, a long-term diachronic trend in the conceptualization of sadness can be traced even though its linguistic realization and motivation have varied through time.
El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el proceso de gestación de SciE-Lex, un diccionario combinatorio de términos generales frecuentemente utilizados en inglés biomédico, que nació con el propósito de ayudar a los científicos españoles a redactar artículos científicos en inglés. Como proyecto lexicográfico se integra plenamente en la corriente léxico-gramatical que subraya la estrecha relación entre el léxico y la gramática. Su desarrollo ha venido marcado por tres etapas. En la primera, SciE-Lex proporciona, además del equivalente en español de cada entrada, información morfosintáctica y combinatoria, ilustrada con ejemplos y con notas de uso. En una segunda fase añadimos expresiones prefabricadas e información explícita acerca de su variabilidad, composición, funcionamiento y distribución en el artículo biomédico. Finalmente, en una tercera etapa, aun en desarrollo, nos proponemos introducir la semántica de marcos para establecer relaciones sintáctico-semánticas entre los distintos términos que pertenecen al mismo marco.
This paper presents the introduction of frame semantics in SciE-Lex, a lexical database of biomedical English, in order to establish frame-based semantic networks among the lexical units contained in the database and draw attention to the domain-specific meanings and syntactic patterns that they exhibit. Taking the general English FrameNet database as a reference and the verbs diminish, compete, and perturb as an illustration, this paper shows how modelling the syntacticosemantic properties of biomedical English results in three scenarios: (a) the general English FrameNet analysis is fully adequate for biomedical usage (b) the frame elements in the general English FrameNet do not fully characterize the semantic and syntactic properties of the lexical items in biomedical English, so an existing frame needs to be customized (c) the frame(s) evoked in general English are different, so either the customization of an existing frame or the addition of a new frame is necessary.
Immigration metaphors in a corpusAbstract: Metaphor is central to human understanding and communication. It pervades our everyday language and also abounds in specialized discourse, with legal language not being an exception. This is particularly relevant since metaphors are powerful framing tools able to affect our worldview. With the aim of exploring the use that EAL law undergraduate students make of metaphorical expressions as well as their awareness of their connotations, a learner corpus was compiled and qualitatively analyzed. Results have shown that learners, like native speakers, rely on the use of conceptual metaphors such as migration is a natural force, states are containers or immigrants are a threat to describe immigration issues. This exploratory study has also revealed that learners are not always conscious of the negative slant that metaphors may convey and that raising their awareness is key to enhance critical thinking.Keywords: corpus linguistics; conceptual metaphor; metaphorical awareness; legal discourse; EAL learners.Resumen: La metáfora es un elemento central de la comunicación y la comprensión humana. Abunda en el lenguaje cotidiano y también en el de especialización, no siendo una excepción el discurso legal. Este hecho es relevante ya que las metáforas nos permiten enmarcar la realidad desde diversas perspectivas que condicionan nuestra perCastaño Castaño, Emilia; Laso Martín, Natalia Judith & Verdaguer Clavera, Isabel. 2017. "Immigration metaphors in a corpus of legal English: an exploratory study of EAL learners' metaphorical production and awareness". Quaderns de Filologia: Estudis Lingüístics 22: 245-272. doi: 10.7203/qf.22.11310 cepción del mundo. Con el objetivo de explorar el uso que los estudiantes de Derecho con inglés como lengua adicional (EAL) hacen de las metáforas y de determinar si son conscientes de sus connotaciones, se compiló y analizó cualitativamente un corpus de aprendices. Los resultados han demostrado que los aprendices al igual que los hablantes nativos utilizan metáforas conceptuales tales como la inmigración es una fuerza natural, los estados son contenedores o los inmigrantes son una amenaza para describir el fenómeno de la inmigración. Este estudio exploratorio también subrayó la importancia de que los aprendices sean conscientes de la carga negativa de algunas metáforas para promover el pensamiento crítico.Palabras clave: metáfora conceptual; conciencia metafórica; discurso legal; aprendices de EAL; lingüística de corpus.
This article analyzes Old English vocabulary of time to shed light on the historical, sociocultural dimensions of space–time metaphorical mappings in English. First, we offer an overview of the most significant theoretical and experimental findings on the metaphorical conceptualization of time in Modern English. Then we analyze the sense of time in Old English and describe how native cultural conventions and cross-cultural contact might have contributed to shaping the perception of time in the Old English period. Finally, through corpus and dictionary searches, we explore how space and time were intertwined to convey time notions in the earliest attestations of English. Results show a persistent metaphorical link between space and time in Old English vocabulary and provide evidence for a circular and linear conceptualization of time that flexibly recruited the vertical and sagittal (front–back) axes, and that allowed for time-based and ego-based metaphorical construals, including the time-moving and ego-moving subcases. These data suggest that a baseline conceptualization of time grounded in spatial relations and sensitive to sociocultural factors has existed through time surviving to the present day.
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