The ability to attract and retain the talents is an important factor in the competitiveness of countries, as it is confirmed in our study. At the level of small and medium-sized enterprises, hiring and retaining skilled workers is one of the most difficult tasks of HR management, especially in transition economies with a high intensity of “leaching out” the skilled workers due to labour migration. Our research in Ukraine, which is a prime example of such countries, conducted via the cluster analysis allows us to conclude that the problems of hiring and retaining skilled workers have some connection with profitability: there is almost always a problem with filling vacancies with people of all educational levels in unprofitable enterprises, which is not typical of profitable businesses. The main problems with filling vacancies according to employers’ estimations are: 1) market factors – shortage of employees with the required skills; 2) internal problems of ensuring the attractiveness of jobs (material – pay, and intangible – career prospects, flexible working hours, legal employment); 3) internal factors of inefficient HR management, including recruiting; 4) psycho-physiological factors of job satisfaction. However, there are no close links between the factors of hiring effectiveness and retention of skilled workers with the economic success of the organization in the form of the growth of assets, revenues and stuff. This leads to the conclusion that the practices of human resources management in small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine are largely built chaotic, without analyzing the impact on the efficiency of the use of other resources and without providing links with the overall economic efficiency of enterprises.

The research presented in this article seeks to evaluate the impact of intellectual potential on a country's competitiveness as measured by the most important indicators of economic growth and standard of living. The population with tertiary education as well as with the relevant professional competences required for entrepreneurship and employment form the study group. Intellectual potential indicators along with general and partial productivity indicators, i.e. multifactor productivity (MFP) and labour productivity (LP) respectively, are calculated for different population groups using various methods, with the impact of MFP and LP in relation to each other subsequently analysed. The research revealed that the factors with the greatest impact on LP are: the share of people in the employed population involved in R&D, the share of researchers in the total employed population, as well as the level of tertiary education in terms of the total population as well as for the economically active population and self-employed persons. It was also found that the intensity of the influence of intellectual potential on LP has decreased, but only insignificantly. This decrease indicates the need to strengthen the role of other resources in relation to economic development and improvements in competitiveness. Today, MFP, as the gross indicator of economic progress and standard of living, has no apparent dependence on most of the studies intellectual potential indicators with the exception of the share of professionals with tertiary education (correlation coefficient = 0.440). This finding suggests an increased need to balance the use of all production resources, in particular through innovative work and the development of skills which are not necessarily formed in the field of tertiary education, at least in its formal sector.

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Обґрунтовано теоретико-методичні засади аналізу ринку ІТпродуктів для прийняття рішень про заснування та розвиток бізнесу. Уточнено місце ІТ-продуктів та ІТ-сфери у статистичних класифікаціях. За запропонованою в роботі методикою оцінено місткість ринку ІТ-продуктів за період 2010-2018 років в Україні та проаналізовано його розвиток з використанням статистичних методів аналізу рядів динаміки. На основі кореляційно-регресійного аналізу складено модель залежності місткості ринку ІТ-продуктів від ВВП на душу населення України, яка може бути використана для прогнозування. Виявлено основні галузеві характеристики покупців ІТ-продуктів та оцінено резерви нарощення споживання і обсягів ринку. Визначено основні характеристики виробників ІТ-продуктів. За запропонованим в роботі показником вартості робочого місця оцінено інвестиційні потреби в ІТ-сфері. З використанням співвідношення продуктивності праці і вартості робочого місця, рентабельності операційної діяльності проаналізовано ефективність ІТ-підприємництва в Україні.

The article proposes a model of deterministic factor analysis, which allows to assess the impact on the profitability of all enterprise’s activities of the production resources’ productivity as well as indicators of the income’s and expenses’ structure of the enterprise. As a result of applying this model for factor analysis, it is possible to justify ways to increase the profitability of the enterprise in view of its various activities. The dynamics of profitability of all and operational activities in construction enterprises of Ukraine for 2010-2020 is analyzed. The comparison of these indicators with the corresponding indicators characterizing the average enterprise in the economy of Ukraine is made. The analysis of profitability of all construction enterprise’s activities in view of specificity for their basic activity and size is carried out. It was found that construction companies, with the exception of 2018 and 2019, operated inefficiently, receiving a net loss. Such financial results are much worse than the average enterprises’ results in Ukraine. Although operating activities were profitable, they did not reach the average values ​​in the Ukrainian economy. Enterprises engaged in the organization or direct construction of buildings and communications were the least efficient. Small businesses were more likely to suffer losses than large and medium-sized ones. On the basis of the model proposed in the article by the method of chain substitutions, a deterministic factor analysis of the profitability of all construction enterprises’ activities for 2014-2020 was carried out. It is established that the production resources’ productivity of this type of activity decreased annually during the analyzed period, except for 2016. The total reduction in production resources’ productivity was 0.216 UAH / UAH. It is concluded that this factor was a stable reserve for increasing profitability. It is concluded that in order to increase the profitability of all activities in construction enterprises of Ukraine, it is important to manage the production resources’ productivity.