The tofu industry is one of food industry which the product of organic waste to environment pollution. One of alternative methode which used to overcome tofu industrial waste water pollution is adsorption methode using activated carbon from coffee waste. The aim of this researched is to know about the activated carbon from coffee waste quality which observe of rendemen, water content, ash content, and iodium adsorption, to know optimum contact of time and pH of coffee waste to decrease ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industry waste water and to know decrease percentage of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water using activated carbon from coffee waste. The activated carbon made by soaking of coffee waste in HCl 0.1 M solution for 2 days. The activated carbon coaled in muffle furnace at temperature 350°C. The activated carbon analyzed consist of rendemen, water content, ash content, and iodium adsorption. Optimum contact of time and pH of coffee waste determined in order to get optimum adsorption ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in tofu industrial waste water. Contact time variation are 1, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes and pH variation are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The result showed that the activated carbon from coffee waste fulfill the criteria SNI number 06-3730-1995. The activated carbon from coffee waste could be used to decrease the ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water at the optimum contact of time of 30 minutes and pH 7. Decreasing percentage of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents in tofu industrial waste water are 64,69% , 52,35% and 86,40% respectively.
Activated carbon from coffee dregs for TSS, BOD and COD removal of tapioca industrial wastewater has been developed. The research aimed to know the quality of activated carbon from dregs of coffee as adsorbent, consist of total rendemen, water content, ashes content and iodium adsorption; to know about the optimum contact time and optimum pH from activated carbon on reducing BOD, COD and TSS value from tapioca industrial wastewater and also to know about the decrease percentage of BOD, COD and TSS value using activated carbon from dregs of coffee. Activated carbon from dregs of coffee are activated using HCl 0,1 N and carbonization at 350°C in muffle furnace. Then, activated carbon was contacted with the tapioca industrial wastewater and used on decreasing BOD, COD and TSS value from tapioca industrial wastewater with contact time varieties 0, 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes and at pH varieties of wastewater 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The decreasing of BOD value was measured by Winkler method, decreasing of COD value measured by iodometric method and decreasing of TSS value measured by gravimetric method. The result of the research showed that the activated carbon produced characteristic consist of rendemen 14,55%; water content 3,4%; ashes content 1,88% and iodium adsorption 750,25 mg/g. It is indicated that the activated carbon that is got from dregs of coffee fulfill the criteria required by SNI No. 06-3730-1995. The result of research also showed that the activated carbon from dregs of coffee could be used for reducing the BOD, COD and TSS value in tapioca industrial wastewater at the optimum contact time of 30 minutes and pH 7. The optimum percentage of activated carbon from dregs of coffee in decreasing BOD value of tapioca industrial wastewater are 33,51%; COD value 78,96% and TSS value 61,05%.Keywords : activated carbon, tapioca wastewater, BOD, COD PENDAHULUANLimbah industri tapioka dihasilkan dalam proses pembuatan tepung tapioka, pada saat pengupasan kulit, pencucian bahan baku dan pada proses pengendapan pati dari airnya. Limbah yang dihasilkan dapat berupa limbah padat, limbah gas dan limbah cair. Limbah padat industri tapioka belum dirasakan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak, pupuk dan campuran saus. Limbah gas tapioka dihasilkan dari pengolahan yang tidak tepat pada limbah padat dan cair. Sedangkan limbah cair industri tapioka umumnya berupa suspensi berwarna putih kekuningan dan berbau khas ubi kayu jika masih segar, namun apabila diabaikan, air limbah akan berubah warnanya menjadi abu-abu kehitaman dan berbau busuk. Limbah tapioka mengandung padatan tersuspensi maupun terlarut dan bahan organik yang tinggi yang akan mengalami perubahan fisika, kimia dan hayati sehingga menghasilkan
Sedimentation is a problem that can cause siltation and changes in river morphology due to reduced river capacity and increased runoff. The Tondano River is one of the major rivers that cross the City of Manado, which has a significant contribution in terms of the impact of flooding and, in its current conditions, has experienced considerable siltation so that the capacity of the river is unable to carry discharge. This study aims to analyze the changes in the elevation of the Tondano River bed that occurred within 6 years from 2016 to 2022 due to sedimentation. Sedimentation modelling is done using the HEC-RAS 6.1 application because, it has new features and improvements over the previous version, especially for, sediment transport analysis using the Meyer Peter Muller empirical equation. The bathymetric data used is the 2016 measurement, and a sediment model simulation is carried out for a 6-year daily discharge period. Then verification is carried out with the 2022 bathymetry data and current field conditions. The results show that the Tondano River on the Kairagi section, along 7.20 km from the estuary, experienced a significant change in riverbed elevation due to sedimentation. There was an average aggradation or sedimentation thickness of 0.891 m for 6 years and an estimated 0.130 to 0.140 m per year, so under these conditions, the cross-section of the Tondano River experienced siltation and reduced the capacity of the river to carry flood discharge. The simulation results showed that changes in river bed elevation also cause an increase in water level as high as 1 to. 2 m. From the simulation results of changes in the bottom of the Tondano River section of Kairagi, a total sedimentation amount of 83,087.49 m3 for 6 years was obtained.Keywords: sedimentation, river bed elevation, water surface elevation, aggradation, deposition ABSTRAKSedimentasi merupakan permasalahan yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pendangkalan dan perubahan morfologi sungai karena berkurangnya kapasitas sungai sehingga terjadi peningkatan aliran permukaan. Sungai Tondano adalah salah satu sungai besar yang melintas di Kota Manado yang menjadi salah satu sungai yang memiliki kontribusi besar dalam hal dampak banjir dan pada kondisi saat ini telah mengalami pendangkalan yang signifikan sehingga kapasitas sungai tidak mampu dalam mengalirkan debit. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis perubahan elevasi dasar Sungai Tondano yang terjadi dalam kurun waktu 6 tahun dari tahun 2016 hingga 2022 akibat sedimentasi. Pemodelan sedimentasi dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi HEC-RAS 6.1 karena pada versi ini terdapat beberapa fitur baru dan perbaikan dari versi sebelumnya, yaitu persamaan angkutan sedimen menggunakan persamaan empiris Meyer Peter Muller. Data batimetri yang digunakan adalah pengukuran tahun 2016 dan dilakukan simulasi model sedimen selama periode debit harian 6 tahun kemudian dilakukan verifikasi dengan data batimetri tahun 2022 serta kondisi lapangan saat ini. Hasilnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa Sungai Tondano pada ruas Kairagi sepanjang 7,20 km dari muara mengalami perubahan elevasi dasar sungai yang cukup signifikan akibat sedimentasi. Terjadi agradasi atau tebal sedimentasi rata-rata sebesar 0,891 m selama 6 tahun dan diperkirakan sebesar 0,130 s.d 0,140 m per tahun, sehingga dengan kondisi tersebut penampang Sungai Tondano mengalami pendangkalan dan menyebabkan berkurangnya kapasitas sungai dalam mengalirkan debit banjir. Hasil simulasi perubahan elevasi dasar sungai tersebut juga menunjukkan terjadinya kenaikan elevasi muka air setinggi 1 s.d. 2 m. Dari hasil simulasi perubahan dasar Sungai Tondano ruas Kairagi diperoleh total besaran sedimentasi sebesar 83.087,49 m3 selama 6 tahun. Kata Kunci: sedimentasi, elevasi dasar sungai, elevasi muka air, agradasi, pengendapan
Ethanol industry is one of the industries which causing pollution on the environment especially water environment. The amount of wastewater-dumped and the content of organic substances could damage the water ecosystem. Multi Soil Layering (MSL) as one of alternative method is used in order to remove the ethanol industrial wastewater (vinasse) pollution. MSL is a method of wastewater treatment that enhances the function of soils to purify wastewater. MSL method was used at this experimentation to treat ethanol industrial wastewater before it was throwed to the water. MSL method is a waste processing system using several materials such as soil, zeolit, or coconut charcoal that was formed in a multistoried formation of bricks. Experimented factor was optimum
Tofu industry is one of the industries which causing pollution on the environment especially water environment. The amount of wastewater-dumped and the content of organic substances could damage the water ecosystem. Multi Soil Layering (MSL) as one of alternative method is used in order to remove the tofu industrial wastewater pollution. MSL is a method of wastewater treatment that enhances the function of soils to purify wastewater.The research aimed to determine optimum loading rate and efficiency of MSL system to remove TSS, BOD and COD. The wastewater on the MSL system is loaded at the loading rate varieties, i.e: 160, 320, 480, 640, and 800 lm-2 day-1, and the aeration was applied for 8 a day at 1296 ld-1.The results revealed that optimum loading rate was 320 lm-2 day-1 and efficiency of MSL system to remove TSS, BOD and COD were 78.62 % ; 98,89% and 95,53 % respectively.
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