Since migration is considered to play an important role on the attainment of the sustainable development goals (SDG’s) this study analyses the reversed perspective of the migration-SDG’s nexus. The data set consists of 308 observations on 28 European Union countries (including the United Kingdom) over a time span of 11 years (between 2008 and 2018). The analysis employed various stages of estimation in order to compare different results obtained from the panel data regression models. Besides the classical panel data regression models, the paper includes the estimation of Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond model that uses the Generalized Method of Moments (also known as GMM) as an econometric tool to solve the endogeneity of the selected variables. The focus is on two sustainable development goals: labour and economic growth, and education of the European Union member states plus the United Kingdom. The results showed that there is a significant influence of the selected variables on the migration flows at the European Union level. Although there are some contradictory results regarding the direction and statistical significance of the link between the variables of interest, most estimators do not have fundamentally different results. The GDP per capita keeps its positive impact on migration by generating an immigration flow towards countries with high GDP per capita. Economic growth proves to be the main trigger of migration, while education also plays an important role in shaping migration. The importance of this study derives from the reversed perspectives analysis, considering migration as being directly influenced by the achievement of the sustainable development goals.
Sustainable development is a worldwide concern. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of the final consumption expenditure on the total consumption of households in Romania. The regression function of the association between “the amount of municipal waste” and “the total consumption of households” has a direct linear relationship. The regression variable “total household consumption” (X) has a regression coefficient of −0.03031, which indicates that the amount of municipal waste decreases by one unit as household consumption increases by 30.31 units. Therefore, this regression coefficient indicates that the volume of municipal waste decreases by 30.31 tons to an increase in the final consumption expenditure of households of EUR 1 million. The influence of the final consumption expenditure of households by consumption purpose on the quantity of municipal waste is in the following order: health; housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels; clothing and footwear; miscellaneous goods and services; recreation and culture; food and non-alcoholic goods; restaurants and hotels; furnishing and household equipment and routine household maintenance; alcoholic and tobacco goods; communications; and education. The value of the Significance F must be less than 0.05. In the case of the model, it is found that this value exceeds the threshold of 0.05 in the case of consumption generated by health services, recreation and culture, restaurants and hotels, alcohol and tobacco goods, and communications. Regarding the high value of Significance F in relation to consumption, we find the sectors that generate the least amount of waste (services). In the case of all of the independent variables, we can note that the relationship is a negative one, which proves that an increase in the quantity of any expenditure of the households generates a decrease of the municipal waste quantity.
Over the last three decades, agricultural systems have been at the center of numerous policies designed to deliver society closer to a more sustainable future. Emergent research show agriculture as a vector of change that can significantly contribute to transforming economic models–from linearity to circularity–one of the premises of the circular economy. Turning waste into resource suggests new windows of opportunity for agriculture, as well as its potential to gain competitive advantages in relation with other economic sectors and become highly performant in this regard. Considering the new meanings of competitiveness and performance in the economics of sustainability, the objective of this research was to carry out a literature review on three types of environmentally friendly agricultural systems (ecological, organic, regenerative), and explore how the concepts of competitiveness and performance converge and/or diverge based on the different characteristics of each type of agricultural system. The literature is generally convergent towards the fact that ecological, organic, and regenerative agricultural systems are highly competitive in terms of low environmental impact, especially if compared to conventional agriculture, yet they are poorly competitive from a legislative point of view–as it is considered that those three agricultural systems are highly reliant on incentives and political support. From an economic perspective, they are also not the best-performing in terms of cost generation, yields, and income volumes. More research is still needed in order to identify pathways for the large-scale practicing of profitable, resilient, and environmentally friendly agricultural systems.
The dematerialization of the development of anthropized and anthropic systems/complexes represents an objective of maximum importance for ensuring the coevolution of human activities and the natural environment, from the perspective of sustainability requirements. In this context, the use of methods for analyzing the reciprocal flows between the natural environment as a system and the socioeconomic system, in physical and energetic expression, provides us with the information support necessary to adopt measures to reduce specific consumption of ecosystem goods, respectively pressure on biophysical support of socio-economic systems, regardless of the spatial scale at which they are identified. Approaches in the field of industrial ecology, but not only, have highlighted the need and possibility of material flows cycling, but this is a first step towards dematerializing the development of anthropogenic and anthropic systems/complexes. From the perspective of global performance, research is needed on cost/benefit analysis of decisions in this regard and evaluation of effects/impacts on structural and functional processes at the level of technical-productive organizations.
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