Micro-enterprises play a critical role in the Indonesian economy, in which they supply 99.8% of the country’s employment and account for more than 95% of all enterprises in Indonesia. However, these firms experience many impediments, including a lack of capital, skills, and technology, which creates poor competitiveness. Although the Indonesian government has implemented many policies to deal with these problems, none have been adequate in improving the capacity and productivity of micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs). The empowerment program “Iptekda LIPI—Penerapan dan Pemanfaatan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi di Daerah Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI)—The Technology for Region Program of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences” proposed a new approach using a social enterprise to solve this issue. This paper analyses the social-enterprise approach of Iptekda LIPI which incorporates market and social welfare to determine the problems experienced by SMEs. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with the owners of SMEs in West and East Java to explore how this approach may contribute to their businesses and to analyze the challenges of the social enterprise approach in empowering SMEs.

As the era of globalisation has progressed, the free-trade paradigm -in which the role of government in every aspect of economic development is minimised, replaced by the power of the free market -has inevitably spread across countries throughout the world. Despite the positive outcomes that can be obtained from the idea of free liberalisation in achieving economic growth and opportunities, this paper will propose that governments must continue to have a strong role in their countries' economies, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. This argument is justified on the basis of the threat that free trade poses to some informal sectors called micro and small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), which have commonly shown low levels of competitiveness in the global market. Thus their very survival heavily depends on government involvement. The Indonesian government has launched many policies to help SMEs become and remain more competitive; for example, the Technology for Regions Program (Iptekda), which combines state support and a market-based approach for MSMEs' empowerment.This paper conducts a case study of the Iptekda program for the empowerment of MSMEs in Malang Raya. The research will address two issues: why government intervention is still required for MSE capacity-building; and how the program may help MSMEs improve their capacity and competitiveness. To answer these questions, this paper will apply a qualitative approach that uses in-depth interview with the owners of five MSMEs. The results reveal that MSMEs benefit from the program in terms of improved productivity, marketing and insights into MSMEs as an economic sector. The research limitation is that it consists solely of qualitative findings; the findings need to be combined with quantitative data for more-reliable results. Replication of this study using larger samples and a broader geographic base is suggested for promoting programs to empower MSMEs in Indonesia. KeywordsRole of Government, MSE, Indonesia, Free Trade Era Cover Page FootnoteThe publication is part of dissertation research which title the Technology Diffusion Policy Implementation for Empowering Micro and Small Enterprises in West Java Sub District and Malang Raya East Java. Acknowledgement: The authors wish to thank Endang Sukara and Rochadi Abdulhadi from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) for their valuable input into this research. AbstractAs the era of globalisation has progressed, the free-trade paradigm -in which the role of government in every aspect of economic development is minimised, replaced by the power of the free markethas inevitably spread across countries throughout the world. Despite the positive outcomes that can be obtained from the idea of free liberalisation in achieving economic growth and opportunities, this paper will propose that governments must continue to have a strong role in their countries' economies, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. This argument is justified on the basis of the threat that free t...

Child-friendly and child-based schools are an effort to fulfill children's rights and provide quality education for children. This study aims to explain the implementation of Child Friendly School Policies established by the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection and analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of Child Friendly School Policies in SMP Negeri 6 Depok. This study used a qualitative method that shows the implementation of the Child Friendly School Policy in SMPN 6 Depok been going well, assessed in the context of the process, results (output), impact (outcomes) and causality (causal connection).The factors that support the implementation of the Child Friendly School Policy at SMP Negeri 6 Depok are good and smooth communication, attitudes and commitment of all school people, coordination between the Depok Government and the School and the positive support of all school members, parents, surrounding communities. However, there are still obstacles, namely the limited school budget and the number of teachers, and the density of teacher activities that have caused the implementation of policies to be not optimal. ABSTRAKSekolah yang ramah anak dan berbasis hak anak merupakan upaya memenuhi hak-hak anak dan memberi pendidikan yang berkualitas bagi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dan menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMP Negeri 6 Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menunjukan implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMP Negeri 6 Depok sudah berjalan baik, dinilai dalam konteks proses, hasil (output), dampak (outcome) dan hubungan sebab akibat (causal connection). Faktor-faktor yang mendukung implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMPN 6 Depok adalah komunikasi yang baik dan lancar, sikap dan komitmen seluruh warga sekolah, koordinasi antara Pemda Depok dengan Sekolah serta adanya dukungan positif seluruh warga sekolah, orang tua, masyarakat sekitar. Namun masih terdapat hambatan yaitu terbatasnya anggaran sekolah dan jumlah guru serta padatnya aktivitas guru menyebabkan pelaksanaan kebijakan belum optimal.

Child-friendly and child-based schools are an effort to fulfill children's rights and provide quality education for children. This study aims to explain the implementation of Child Friendly School Policies established by the Ministry of Female Empowerment and Child Protection and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of Child Friendly School Policies in SMP Negeri 6 Depok. This study used a qualitative method that shows the implementation of the Child Friendly School Policy in SMPN 6 Depok been going well, assessed in the context of the process, results (output), impact (outcomes) and causality (causal connection).The factors that support the implementation of the Child Friendly School Policy at SMP Negeri 6 Depok are good and smooth communication, attitudes and commitment of all school people, coordination between the Depok Government and the School and the positive support of all school members, parents, surrounding communities. However, there are still obstacles, namely the limited school budget and the number of teachers, and the density of teacher activities that have caused the implementation of policies to be not optimal. For facilitating the implementation of child-friendly school policies, collaboration between central government and local government, schools and communities is needed. Sekolah yang ramah anak dan berbasis hak anak merupakan upaya memenuhi hak-hak anak dan memberi pendidikan yang berkualitas bagi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dan menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menunjukan implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMP Negeri 6 Depok sudah berjalan baik, dinilai dalam konteks proses, hasil (output), dampak (outcome) dan hubungan sebab akibat (causal connection). Faktor-faktor yang mendukung implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di Kota Depok adalah komunikasi yang baik dan lancar, sikap dan komitmen seluruh warga sekolah, koordinasi antar Pemda Depok dengan Sekolah serta adanya dukungan positif seluruh warga sekolah, orang tua, masyarakat sekitar. Namun masih terdapat faktor penghambat yaitu terbatasnya anggaran sekolah dan jumlah guru serta padatnya aktivitas guru menyebabkan pelaksanaan kebijakan belum optimal. Untuk memperlancar implementasi kebijakan sekolah ramah anak dibutuhkan kerjasama antara seluruh pihak baik pemerintah pusat dan daerah, sekolah dan masyarakat

This research analyze the practice of irrigation, education, and free trade governance linked with functional decentralization concept in

<p>Sekolah yang ramah anak dan berbasis hak anak merupakan upaya memenuhi hak-hak anak dan memberi pendidikan yang berkualitas bagi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan implementasi kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dan menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMP Negeri 6 Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menunjukan implementasi kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMP Negeri 6 Depok sudah berjalan baik, dinilai dalam konteks proses, hasil<em> (output), </em>dampak<em> (outcome) dan </em>hubungan sebab akibat<em> (causal connection)</em>. Faktor-faktor yang mendukung implementasi kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak di SMPN 6 Depok adalah komunikasi yang baik dan lancar, sikap dan komitmen seluruh warga sekolah, koordinasi antara Pemda Depok dengan sekolah serta adanya dukungan positif seluruh warga sekolah, orang tua, masyarakat sekitar. Namun masih terdapat hambatan yaitu terbatasnya anggaran sekolah dan jumlah guru serta padatnya aktivitas guru menyebabkan pelaksanaan kebijakan belum optimal.<strong></strong></p>

This research raised issues on knowledge -based economy (KBE) in Jabodetabekjur, especially Bogor, Depok and South Tangerang. Using qualitative approach, this research examines collaboration involving city governments, college/research institutions, businesses/industries, communities and found the reasons why collaborations for the benefi t of KBE in Jabodetabekjur as a learning region has not established yet. The causes are: (1) lack of cohesion in terms of policy/ administration, ecology, economics and social system; (2) institutional failure; (3) non optimal regional cooperation; (4) unalignment with the national urban development strategies; and (5) loss of momentum in KBE development. Learning regions can be constructed by analyzing a path or trajectories combined with the potentials of the urban region elements (Academicians, Businesses, Communities and Governments). They can also be constructed via governance approach and development of appropriate organizational models. City's administrations should take active roles as the initiator of the collaboration process opted by certain types and activities. Strategy and policy -making related to collaboration gave rise to: (1) KBE development themes; (2) vision/ mission statements; and (3) principles of engagement and capacities. Resources gaps were found and can be applied as inputs to build joint projects, namely: (1) incubation and innovation centers; and (2) product innovation promotion center. Keywords:learning regions; knowledge-based economy (KBE); new regionalism; governance; collaboration. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengangkat isu yang terkait dengan ekonomi berbasis pengetahuan (KBE) di region perkotaan

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