The scope of the present study is to contribute to future breeding studies by determining the relationship between chromosome number and morphology of naturally occurring 18 genotypes of Turkish Lolium perenne. The chromosome number for all the studied genotypes was concurrently determined as 2n=14 (x=7). Their karyotypes showed a predominance of metacentric chromosomes. In the karyotype of one genotype, submetacentric chromosomes were dominant. A total of quantitative asymmetric indices were used to evaluate karyological features of the species. A meaningful dendrogram was carried out to assess the karyotype-symmetry conditions and described the karyotype relationships between different cytotypes. Chromosome lengths in a karyotype were between 1.52-2.95 µm and there was a broad variation in asymmetric index karyotype formula. It may be proposed that the populations of the Turkish perennial ryegrass have quite an important potential relevant to chromosomal variation, and therefore this variation gives essential opportunities to agronomists to develop new cultivars in the future.
The Turkish tea crop was contaminated following the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Finding ways to dispose of the contaminated tea (Camellia sinensis L.) without damaging the environment was the goal of this research conducted at the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEA). In this study, an investigation was made of 137Cs activities of the plants and the ratios of transfer of 137Cs activity to plants when the contaminated tea was applied to the soil. Experiments were conducted in the field and in pots under greenhouse conditions. The activities of the tea applied in the field ranged from 12 500 to 72 800 Bq/m2, whereas this activity was constant at 8000 Bq/pot in the greenhouse experiment. The transfer of 137Cs from soil to the plants was between 0.037 and 1.057% for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays indentata Sturt), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and grass (Lolium perenne L.). The ratio of the transfer of 137Cs activity to plants increased as the activity 137Cs in tea applied to soil was increased. The activity in the plants increased due to increased uptake of 137Cs by plants.
Nowadays, due to some reasons, soil quality deteriorates, soil organic matter decreases, and plant growth is adversely affected such as damaging agricultural practices, unconscious pesticide and fertilizer use. There is also treatment sludge among the methods that will contribute to the soil. Sewage sludge, the inevitable by-product of municipal and other wastewater treatment plant operations, is a key issue in many countries due to its increasing volume and the impacts associated with its disposal. This environmentally hazardous treatment sludge can be significantly reduced by anaerobic digestion. However, the resulting gas and the residues from anaerobic digestion process need to be treated or stabilized. The use of sewage sludge in agriculture will provide both soil nutrient elements and waste sludge can be disposed with this application. Definitely, it is possible to evaluate the treatment sludges in many different areas. After cleaning the sludge from contaminants, it can be used as a good compost or soil improvement material. In this study, agricultural applications with sewage sludge were investigated.
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