Tamarind water extract has been shown to demonstrate an anti-obesity effect. In this research, long-term use of tamarind pulp water extract safety was evaluated. Tamarind pulp was extracted by reflux method, followed by freeze-drying to obtain dry extract. Wistar rats were divided into six groups, with 20 animals of each sex per group. The control group and satellite control group received carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) 0.5% 1 mL/100 g bw (body weight) per day. Treatment groups received tamarind pulp extract at doses of 75, 200, 1000, satellite 1000 mg/kg bw per day for six months. After six months, control groups and the treatment group were sacrificed. Satellite groups were sacrificed one month later. Relative organ weights, hematology and clinical biochemistry profiles were determined. After six months, there were no significant change in body weight, hematologic, and clinical biochemistry profiles of the tested group. Body weight of male rats in the satellite 1000 mg/kg bw group was significantly increased in week 30 compared to the satellite control group (p < 0.05). The relative spleen weight of female rats of the 200 mg/kg bw group was reduced (p < 0.05). The relative kidney weight of male rats in the 1000 mg/kg bw group was increased (p < 0.05). This study showed that tamarind pulp extract was generally safe and well tolerated at the tested dose.
This is a report of a non-comparative trial to assess the usefulness of a 0.05% halometasone and 1% triclosan combination in a cream base in the treatment of acute infected and infection-prone eczematous skin disorders. The trial was carried out in three centres. Of the 126 patients admitted to the trial, 25 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 101 patients utilized the cream as the only treatment during the 3-week duration of therapy. Medication was applied to the lesions twice daily without occlusive dressing. The cream gave either excellent or good results in 89% of cases. Infection, which was initially present in 38 cases, disappeared within 5 days from 27 (71%) of them and within 6-10 days from a further six (16%) cases. The therapeutic effect was first noted (in 43 cases) within a mean of 2.7 days (+/- 1.01). The cream did not give rise to any serious local unwanted effects. Systemic unwanted effects were suspected in an 8-month old infant with extensive atopic dermatitis. The findings in this study substantiate those of other investigators that this halometasone/triclosan preparation combines potent and rapid therapeutic effect with excellent local and systemic tolerability.
Ibuprofen is a widely used and well-tolerated analgesic and antipyretic. It is
desirable to have a formulation with a rapid rate of absorption because it is
required for rapid pain relief and temperature reduction. Previous studies have
described the pharmacokinetic profiles of ibuprofen suppository and the mean
peak times of ibuprofen suppository were around 1.8 hours, indicating a
slower rate of absorption. The aim of this study is to compare the
pharmacokinetic parameters of rectal administration of ibuprofen between enema
and suppository form in order to provide evidence for the faster absorption
rates of ibuprofen enema. This study was a phase-1 clinical study, open-label,
randomized and two-way crossover with one-week washout period comparing the
absorption profile of equal dose of ibuprofen administered rectally in two
treatment phases: ibuprofen suppository and enema. Blood samples were collected
post dose for pharmacokinetic analyses. Tmax was analyzed using a
Wilcoxon matched paired test. A standard ANOVA model, appropriate for
bioequivalence studies was used and ratios of 90% confidence intervals
were calculated. This study showed that Tmax for ibuprofen enema was
less than half that of ibuprofen suppository (median 40 min vs.
90 min, respectively; p-value=0.0003). Cmax
and AUC0–12 for ibuprofen enema were bioequivalent to
ibuprofen suppository, as the ratio of
test/reference=104.52%, 90% CI
93.41–116.95% and the ratio of
test/reference=98.12%, 90%CI
93.34–103.16%, respectively, which fell within
80–125% bioequivalence limit. The overall extent of absorption
was similar to the both, which were all well tolerated. In terms of
Tmax, Ibuprofen enema was absorbed twice as quickly as from
ibuprofen suppository. Therefore it is expected that an ibuprofen enema may
provide faster onset of analgesic and antipyretic benefit.
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