Lodging of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor] a serious problem under certain environmental conditions such as water stress or heat stress. Lodging at the base of the stalk or the base of the panicle has been attributed to a complex of stalk rotting organisms, which includes Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid and Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. The field study reported here evaluated the use of a toothpick inoculation technique to artificially infect plants with these two organisms and determined inheritance of resistance. The experimental material consisted of the 45 F1's from a 10‐parent diallel with no reciprocals, the 10 parents, and five hybrid checks grown in 2 yr under two water regimes. The inoculated and noninoculated plants in a plot were rated for stalk disintegration on a scale of 1 (resistant) to 6 (susceptible). Hybrids differed nificantly and consistently across environments for the two inoculation treatments but not for the noninoculated. General combining ability was significant in both dryland environments for both inoculation treatments; specific combining ability was significant for F. moniliforme in both years but only in 1984 for M. phaseolina. The expression of resistance seems to depend upon the environment, especially for F. moniliforme.
Homogeneity between the chromosome lines of an aneuploid set is necessary to avoid supplemental effects of the genetic background. The objective of this study was to determine the homogeneity of the ‘Witchita’ (WI) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monosomic set for grain quality and agronomic traits. Disomics were produced from 20 chromosome lines of the WI monosomic set and 2B disomics from ‘Cheyenne’ monosomic 2B. Three replications were planted in a field study. Disomics of 5B lines were later heading, shorter, and 2.25% higher in grain protein concentration (GPC) than the WI check. Disomics of 7B lines were shorter and had a lower 100 kernel weight. Disomics of 2B lines were similar to the WI check for GPC, height, and mixogram peak; however, they were later heading and had lower 100 kernel weight. The average GPC of disomic lines from 4B, 6D, and 7B were about 1.5 to 3.0% lower than those of 1A, SA, 5B, and 6B, while 7A dosmics were 1.5% and 2.25% lower than 5A and 5B, respectively. Mixogram peak and tolerance of the disomics were similar to the WI check; however, lines from 1A, 3B, 5B, 6A, and 6B had shorter mixing times than lines from 4D, 6D, and 7B. Significant variation for several traits measured, specifically GPC, plant height and heading date, supports the contention that homogeneity studies should accompany aneuploid studies, especially when quantitative traits are measured.
A disomic F2 substitution study was conducted to elucidate the chromosomal location of genes influencing the high grain‐protein concentration (GPC) in ‘Plainsman V’ (PV) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to give preliminary information on genes influencing its dough mixogram peak time and tolerance. Plainsman V has been used extensively in the Kansas State University wheat breeding program and is included in the pedigree of many lines because of its high GPC and strong gluten. Data were collected over 2 yr on PV F2 substitution lines derived from crossing PV with the monosomic set of ‘Wichita’. In the first year, F3:4 lines from substitution lines were grown at two locations. The F3:4 lines IA, 1B, 4B, 5B, and 7A were identified as critical chromosomes. In a second study of the progeny, 1A, IB, and 7A had PV's higher GPC, suggesting chromosomal location of positive factors. Other chromosomes may be involved. Preliminary results suggest that Group 2 chromosomes have positive effects on mixogram peak time. The data do not give conclusive evidence for location of factors influencing mixogram tolerance; however, there is some evidence that there is a positive factor on 6A and a negative factor on 2D. In this study, no association was observed between location of factors influencing grain‐protein concentration and location of factors influencing the mixogram traits in Plainsman V.
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