Inheritance of Resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Fusarium moniliforme Sheldom in Sorghum

Abstract

Lodging of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor] a serious problem under certain environmental conditions such as water stress or heat stress. Lodging at the base of the stalk or the base of the panicle has been attributed to a complex of stalk rotting organisms, which includes Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid and Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. The field study reported here evaluated the use of a toothpick inoculation technique to artificially infect plants with these two organisms and determined inheritance of resistance. The experimental material consisted of the 45 F1's from a 10‐parent diallel with no reciprocals, the 10 parents, and five hybrid checks grown in 2 yr under two water regimes. The inoculated and noninoculated plants in a plot were rated for stalk disintegration on a scale of 1 (resistant) to 6 (susceptible). Hybrids differed nificantly and consistently across environments for the two inoculation treatments but not for the noninoculated. General combining ability was significant in both dryland environments for both inoculation treatments; specific combining ability was significant for F. moniliforme in both years but only in 1984 for M. phaseolina. The expression of resistance seems to depend upon the environment, especially for F. moniliforme.

Screening a variable germplasm collection of Cucumis melo L. for seedling resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina

“…The toothpick method is one of the most usually employed artificial inoculation protocol to initiate uniform M. phaseolina infections (Mughogho and Pande 1984;Bramel-Cox et al 1988;Diourte et al 1995;Mertely et al 2005;Shekhar et al 2006). It has been frequently employed to perform an easy assessment of isolate aggressiveness (Shekhar et al 2006).…”

“…The inoculation technique used in both cases was a modification of the toothpick method used by Scandiani et al (2011) with Fusarium spp. This method has proved to be useful for discriminating levels of aggressiveness among isolates of M. phaseolina and other fungal pathogens, and for detecting resistance rankings comparable with those obtained using infested soils (Keeling 1982;Bramel-Cox et al 1988;Diourte et al 1995;Mertely et al 2005). To obtain inoculum using the toothpick method, 12 mm long toothpicks were placed, with the sharpened end up, in holes made in a 90 mm diameter filter paper.…”

The incidence of Fusarium moniliforme on maize from Central America, Africa and Asia during 1992–1995

“…The major symptoms may be observed during the grain fill and senescent stages of the host plant's life cycle. At this time, the translocation of simple sugars away from the stem may cause a switch towards the increased production of pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes in these isolates, causing stem weakness and breakage (Dodd, 1980), in common with a number of stalk rot pathogens (Bramel-Cox et al, 1988). The isolates may subsequently survive saprophytically in the soil debris (Kommendahl & Windels, 1981) and thus provide the inoculum for future stalk infections, possibly through wounds caused during cultivation and insect attack.…”

Fusarium species associated with grain sorghum and mungbean in Queensland

“…Symptoms of stalk rot in sorghum are often most severe when the plants endure stressful environmental conditions (Claflin & Giorda, 2002, Zummo, 1980, Tuinstra et al, 2002, Bramel-Cox et al, 1988, Jordan et al, 1984, Trimboli & Burgess, 1983, Kapanigowda et al, 2013. Jordan et al (1984) reported that host resistance to the pathogens causing stalk rot is most effective at temperatures near or slightly below those for optimum plant growth, and increases in temperature result in a reduction in relative host resistance.…”

“…Most sources of resistance to the Fusarium stalk rot pathogens have been based on resistance to the charcoal rot pathogen. Although some reports suggest genotypes with resistance to the charcoal rot pathogen are also resistant to the Fusarium stalk rot pathogens (Bramel-Cox et al, 1988), others indicate that this may not be the case (Tuinstra et al, 2002, Tesso et al, 2005. One study associated resistance to Fusarium stalk rot and lodging, to non-senescence (stay green) and greenbug resistance (Giorda & Martinez, 1995).…”