Introduction. The main cause of the able-bodied population’s death in the Russian Federation is cardiovascular diseases. It is known that one of the most important factors of cardiovascular risk is a violation of lipid metabolism, which is an indicator of atherogenesis processes activation. In this regard, it is relevant to study the lipid spectrum and its effect on the cardiovascular risk’s level for workers of various industries, who are exposed to a complex of harmful production factors. The study aims to investigate lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic processes in chemical production workers for the opportune implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. Materials and methods of research. Comprehensive clinical and hygienic studies in the chemical industry have been carried out. Hygienic studies and assessment of working conditions of employees were accomplished using the current regulatory documents. Surveyed were divided into 3 groups: machine operators (I group), machinery repair locksmiths (II group), control and measuring devices’ locksmiths (CMD) (III group - comparison). To identify risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a screening examination was conducted within the framework of periodic medical examinations of 3761 male workers, a study of the lipid spectrum in 846 workers. Employees with high and very high cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE system underwent in-depth medical examination using clinical laboratory, functional, ultrasound examination methods (179 people). The relative risk and etiological proportion were calculated in order to establish a causal relationship between the complex of harmful production factors and the formation of hypercholesterolemia. Results. The data of the conducted studies showed that the factors of cardiovascular risk in workers of I and II groups have harmful working conditions on the workplace (general class of working conditions 3.2), smoking, obesity, hypertension, which are more common in the group of machinery repairmen which was compared with workers of other professions. It was found that the average values of total cholesterol in blood serum, LDL cholesterol were higher in the examined I-II groups than III group. Analysis of the state of the cardiovascular system main indicators for workers of various professions obtained as a result of in-depth examination in a hospital revealed, that signs carotid arteries atherosclerotic changes were more often registered in workers of I-II groups. The revealed indicators of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis increased in proportion to the length of service in harmful working conditions. Conclusion. The conducted research allowed to substantiate the algorithm of stage-by-stage examination, dynamic monitoring of the chemical production workers’ health’s state in order to detect atherosclerosis earlier and integrate therapeutic and preventive measures timely.
Introduction. Every year, about 350 thousand people die in the workplace for reasons related to production all over the world. The significance of this problem dictates the need to analyze fatal occupational injuries in order to further develop a set of measures aimed at preventing it. The study aims to analyze fatal occupational injuries at enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan on the basis of personalized data as an information basis for the development and justification of priority areas for the prevention of accidents in the workplace. Materials and methods. For analyzing the indicators of general occupational injuries and fatal injuries, we used the results of the all-Russian monitoring of labor conditions and safety of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, Russian Federation, analytical materials of labor conditions and safety of the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2017-2020. To assess the completeness of the accounting of occupational injuries in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan, the researchers used the ILO methodology "On assessing the reliability of statistics of accidents at work in countries with imperfect accounting". Based on the materials of 177 Acts on the investigation of fatal accidents (Form 4) provided by the State Labor Inspectorate in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2017-2020, we have studied the circumstances and causes of the death of workers at work, their professional status and age-length characteristics. Results. The analysis of the dynamics of occupational injuries for 2017-2020 in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan showed a decrease in both total occupational injuries and fatal injuries, with a decrease in the frequency of worker deaths occurring at a faster pace. This provided an increase in the ratio of the total number of injuries to the number of fatal injuries, indicating an increase in the level of safety at enterprises and the quality of accounting for minor injuries. However, in 2020 the level of fatal industrial injuries in the Republic exceeded the same indicator in Russia by 25%. An in-depth analysis of fatal injuries based on accident investigation materials in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2017-2020 showed that most often workers died in construction (0.77 per 1000 workers) and mining enterprises (0.75%) as a result of such types of accidents as traffic accidents, falling from a height, exposure to moving objects, flying rotating objects, parts, machines, etc. Specialists also observed a high level of fatal injuries in agriculture (0.58%), transport and storage enterprises (0.41%), water supply, sewerage (0.38%), etc. The main causes of fatal injuries were unsatisfactory organization of work (34.7%) and violation of traffic rules (29.2%). At the victim’s workplaces the researchers have identified a significant number of violations of labor protection requirements: the absence of special assessment of working conditions (SAWC), briefings and training on labor protection, violations of the work and rest regime, labor and industrial discipline, non-issuance of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the absence of mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations. Male workers were most often died (97.6%); in the profession of "driver"; at the age of 30-39 years. There is a very high proportion of victims with work experience of up to one year (44.6%). Almost 75% of the victims had less than 5 years of work experience. This indicates unsatisfactory training in occupational safety of newly hired workers, regardless of their age and previous experience at other enterprises. Conclusion. The in-depth analysis of fatal injuries at enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan showed the need to develop a set of targeted occupational safety measures aimed at reducing the level of occupational injuries, taking into account the most traumatic types of economic activity, the most frequent types of accidents and causes of accidents. In addition, special attention should be paid to the training of safe methods and techniques for performing the work of low-skilled workers, as well as the organization of checking the knowledge of traffic rules among drivers of vehicles.
Working environment psychosocial factors gain the increasing importance for occupational health so far. Based on literature, this review presents an analysis of available studies about relation between stress at the workplace and development or progression of both mental and somatic diseases. The Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, RSCI, CyberLeninka databases were used to prepare the review. The results of studies have shown pathogenesis and circumstances of the development of various occupational diseases (cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal systems, cancer of various locaion), which can be affected by occupational stress. Workplace stress also has a significant impact on the central nervous system, including sleep, various mental disorders. The number of people suffering from bad habits increases due to workplace stress as well. Furthermore, the main directions of preventive measures to reduce the level of industrial stress are given.
Introduction. The scientists all over the world studied the problem of death in the workplace for two decades. Sudden cardiac death occupies a leading place in the structure of workplace death from a common disease (83-90% of cases). The urgency of this problem dictates the need for research to study the main factors and causes of death in the workplace from a common disease, followed by the development of a comprehensive program to prevent them. The study aims to learn the circumstances and causes of sudden death in the workplace due to a common disease and substantiate the program for its prevention. Materials and methods. The researchers conducted an analysis of investigation materials of fatal accidents in the workplace for 2018-2020 at enterprises and organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan, recognized during the investigation as unrelated to production and occurred as a result of a common disease. We studied in detail the specific circumstances and causes of death. Scientists analyzed the number of deaths in the workplace from common diseases both in absolute and relative units (per 1000 employees), in the context of economic activities, taking into account the organizational and legal forms of enterprises and organizations. Results. 165 employees died from common diseases in the workplace during the analyzed period. We observed the greatest proportion of workplace deaths from a common disease at enterprises and organizations of the following types of economic activity: manufacturing - 22.9%, transportation and storage - 17.4%, provision of electric energy, gas and steam, water supply, sanitation - 10.3%. The main causes of sudden death in the workplace from common diseases, according to the forensic examination, were diseases of the circulatory system (97.1%), which were more often registered in men (97.4%) aged 56-60 years. Conclusion: The lack of complete and reliable information about the causes and risk factors of death in the workplace from common diseases in various sectors of the economy, as well as the need to develop a prevention program to minimize the likelihood of its development, served as the basis for this study.
Industrial noise is one of the most common factors of the working environment in the workplace. Every third employee is exposed to it. Occupational diseases from noise exposure, which account for 23–28% of the total occupational morbidity over the past 5 years, are registered annually in the Russian Federation. In this regard, we have developed a program for the prevention of sensorineural hearing loss in industrial workers. The developed program reflects the general principles of preventive measures and includes the following sections: determination of noise exposures, measures to prevent the harmful effects of noise (architectural and planning, technical, organizational, medical and preventive). A separate section of the program is devoted to informing employees about the risk of health disorders from noise exposure. As a result of the implementation of the hearing protection program in the workplace, we can expect a decrease in the number of occupational diseases from noise exposure, an increase in labor productivity, and a reduction in work injuries.
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