The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through a controlled, randomized, multigroup design, with pre-, post- and follow-up treatment phases. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyze individual trajectories over time of each child in treatment, from specific measures of EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR) considering age and sex and b) to determine the therapeutic effect on attentional and behavioral variables evaluated through the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. A total of 57 children (7-14 years) diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 1) 30 Theta/Beta training sessions, 2) Methylphenidate treatment and, 3) Behavior therapy administered according to a cognitive-behavioral protocol based on manuals. Data were analyzed using a Multilevel Longitudinal Regression Model. Results show that administered treatments are effective and cause similar effects on TBR variable, with no differences between them. However, significant differences were observed in the global attention (p=.002), auditory attention (p=.017) and visual attention (p=.028).

From a global perspective, behavior therapy had the most extensive results, but PH had the greatest capacity to improve overall attention. NF was able to improve both control response and inattention. Clinical implications are discussed.

This study assesses attention and response control through visual and auditory stimuli in a primary care pediatric sample. The sample consisted of 191 participants aged between 7 and 13 years old. It was divided into 2 groups: (a) 90 children with ADHD, according to diagnostic (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2002) and clinical (ADHD Rating Scale-IV) (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos, & Reid, 1998) criteria, and (b) 101 children without a history of ADHD. The aims were: (a) to determine and compare the performance of both groups in attention and response control, (b) to identify attention and response control deficits in the ADHD group. Assessments were carried out using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT, Sandford & Turner, 2002). Results showed that the ADHD group had visual and auditory attention deficits, F(3, 170) = 14.38; p < .01, deficits in fine motor regulation (Welch´s t-test = 44.768; p < .001) and sensory/motor activity (Welch'st-test = 95.683, p < .001; Welch's t-test = 79.537, p < .001). Both groups exhibited a similar performance in response control, F(3, 170) = .93, p = .43.Children with ADHD showed inattention, mental processing speed deficits, and loss of concentration with visual stimuli. Both groups yielded a better performance in attention with auditory stimuli.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents. Neurofeedback, a nonpharmaceutical treatment, has shown promising results. Objective: To review the evidence of efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD. Method: A systematic review of the specific scientific studies published in 1995-2021, identifying and analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCT). Results: A total of 1636 articles were identified and 165 met inclusion criteria, of which 67 were RCTs. Conclusion: Neurofeedback training was associated with significant long-term reduction in symptoms of ADHD. Though limitations exist regarding conclusions about the specific effects of neurofeedback, the review documents improvements in school, social, and family environments.

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) frecuentemente se asocia a alteraciones en el lenguaje, similares a las manifestadas por las personas con trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL) (Helland et al., 2014;Korrel et al., 2017). Nuestro objetivo es analizar las diferencias en las competencias lingüísticas semánticas y pragmáticas, entre alumnado con TDAH, TEL y niños con desarrollo normotípico.We found significant differences in semantic (F (2.148) =86.99, p<.001) and pragmatic language skills (F (2.428) =83.00, p<.001) between the three study groups: ADHD, SLI and typical development.Students with ADHD present fewer deficits in aspects of semantic language than those with SLI. However, they face greater obstacles in certain uses of pragmatic language compared with the children with SLI and typically developed students. They face significant difficulties in the use of pragmatic language in different communication situations and social interaction, and in different functions and uses.