The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through a controlled, randomized, multigroup design, with pre-, post- and follow-up treatment phases. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyze individual trajectories over time of each child in treatment, from specific measures of EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR) considering age and sex and b) to determine the therapeutic effect on attentional and behavioral variables evaluated through the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. A total of 57 children (7-14 years) diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 1) 30 Theta/Beta training sessions, 2) Methylphenidate treatment and, 3) Behavior therapy administered according to a cognitive-behavioral protocol based on manuals. Data were analyzed using a Multilevel Longitudinal Regression Model. Results show that administered treatments are effective and cause similar effects on TBR variable, with no differences between them. However, significant differences were observed in the global attention (p=.002), auditory attention (p=.017) and visual attention (p=.028).

This study assesses attention and response control through visual and auditory stimuli in a primary care pediatric sample. The sample consisted of 191 participants aged between 7 and 13 years old. It was divided into 2 groups: (a) 90 children with ADHD, according to diagnostic (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2002) and clinical (ADHD Rating Scale-IV) (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos, & Reid, 1998) criteria, and (b) 101 children without a history of ADHD. The aims were: (a) to determine and compare the performance of both groups in attention and response control, (b) to identify attention and response control deficits in the ADHD group. Assessments were carried out using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT, Sandford & Turner, 2002). Results showed that the ADHD group had visual and auditory attention deficits, F(3, 170) = 14.38; p < .01, deficits in fine motor regulation (Welch´s t-test = 44.768; p < .001) and sensory/motor activity (Welch'st-test = 95.683, p < .001; Welch's t-test = 79.537, p < .001). Both groups exhibited a similar performance in response control, F(3, 170) = .93, p = .43.Children with ADHD showed inattention, mental processing speed deficits, and loss of concentration with visual stimuli. Both groups yielded a better performance in attention with auditory stimuli.

La cada vez mayor inclusión social, la normalización de contextos y los avances de la investigación han contribuido sobremanera a la mejora de las expectativas de vida y a la participación integral en todos los espacios de la sociedad por parte de las personas con síndrome de Down (SD). Sin embargo, durante décadas la identificación de síntomas psicológicos o psiquiátricos ha resultado una tarea complicada al atribuirse estos como correlatos propios de la discapacidad intelectual. Con este interés, se han revisado las publicaciones científicas desde 1930 hasta 2020, con el propósito de: 1) examinar las investigaciones que, desde la perspectiva de las diferencias individuales, analicen la evolución y los cambios producidos en la concepción del SD y, desde este enfoque, 2) investigar la prevalencia y manifestación clínica de patología dual junto al SD, en población infantil y adolescente. Entre las conclusiones se destaca la necesidad de cambio, por parte de profesionales y familias, para la asunción de la existencia y aceptación del diagnóstico dual que posibilite diagnósticos precoces e intervención psicológica ajustada a esta demanda.